PrismaCarcere |
1499 documenti: | i dati | immigrazione-racial profiling | attuarialism... carceral geography | privatizzazione | | monitoraggio elettronico | Varie | |
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Esistono all'interno di ogni società istituzioni di carattere residuale, ancor meno utili ai fini della conservazione del sistema di quanto non lo sia l'appendice per l'uomo, ma che sopravvivono perché ormai dotate quasi di una vita istituzionale propria, che consente di superare la schiacciante evidenza della loro scarsa funzionalità sociale... Le carceri nel tardo Novecento sono degli ottimi esempi. (Lawrence Stone, Viaggio nella storia, 1981)
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Human
Rights Watch |
Magistratura Democratica |
Dipartimento per la Giustizia minorile e di comunità |
Ministry of Justice # Justice in Numbers pocketbook https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/ 27 October 2023 |
FRA -
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights |
Ministero dell'Interno -
Servizio analisi criminale # Criminalità minorile in Italia 2010-2022 Roma, ottobre 2023 |
Dipartimento per la Giustizia minorile e di comunità |
Garante nazionale dei
diritti delle persone private della libertà personale |
Ministère de la Justice -
Direction de l’Administration Pénitentiaire # Statistique des établissements et des personnes écrouées en France https://www.justice.gouv.fr/ Mise à jour le 30 août 2023 |
Garante
Nazionale dei diritti delle persone private della libertà personale
- Ricerca e analisi di Emanuele Cappelli e Giovanni Suriano |
US Department of Justice |
Alexandra
Thompson, Susannah N. Tapp |
Ministry of Justice # Justice in Numbers pocketbook https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/ 24 August 2023 |
Ministry of Justice # Proven reoffending statistics quarterly bulletin, July to September 2021 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/ 27 july 2023 |
Giulia Melani - Grazia
Zuffa # L'istituzione da superare. Rapporto di ricerca sulle case di lavoro in Italia https://www.societadellaragione.it/ 24 luglio 2023 |
M. F. Aebi, E. Cocco, L.
Molnar |
Joe Russo,
Samuel Peterson, Michael J. D. Vermeer, Dulani Woods, Brian A.
Jackson |
Penal Reform International # Global Prison Trends 2023 www.penalrefprm.org/ June 2023 |
Grazia Zuffa, Franco
Corleone, Stefano Anastasia, Leonardo Fiorentini, Marco Perduca,
Maurizio Cianchella (eds) |
Garante nazionale dei diritti delle persone private della libertà
personale www.garantenazionaleprivatiliberta.it/ 15 giugno 2023 |
Francesco
Gianfrotta |
Jean
Casella and Alexandra Rivera, Solitary Watch - Jack Beck, Scott
Paltrowitz, and Jessica Sandoval, Unlock the Box |
Contrôleure
générale des
lieux de
privation de
liberté # Rapport d’activité 2022. Dossier de presse https://www.cglpl.fr/ 11 mai 2023 |
Ministry of Justice |
Matthew R.
Durose, Leonardo Antenangeli |
Larissa Caldeira, Barbara
A. Sharp - Department of Corrections Washington State # Evaluating the Efficacy of Thinking for a Change (T4C) in Reducing Recidivism https://doc.wa.gov/ April 2023 |
Camera
Penale di Roma |
Human
Rights Watch |
Garante
nazionale dei diritti delle persone private
della libertà personale |
Gian Luigi
Gatta |
Mia Bird, Viet Nguyen,
Ryken Grattet # Recidivism Outcomes Under a Shifting Continuum of Control American Journal of Criminal Justice (2023) 48:808–829 |
FIDH International
Federation for Human Rights # Thailand Annual Prison Report 2023 https://www.fidh.org/ March 2023 |
Roberto
Cornelli |
Antigone |
Ministry of Justice # Prison population projections: 2022 to 2027 https://www.gov.uk/ 23 february 2023 |
Julia
Burchett, Anne Weymbergh, Marta Ramat # Prison and detention conditions in the EU https://www.europarl.europa.eu/ European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs, February 2023 |
Gabrielle Beaudry, Rongqin
Yu, Owen Miller, Lewis Prescott-Mayling, Thomas R. Fanshawe, Seena
Fazel # Prediction of violent reoffending in people released from prison in England: External validation study of a risk assessment tool (OxRec) Journal of Criminal Justice, 86, 2023 |
Dan A. Black, Jeffrey
Grogger, Tom Kirchmaier, and Koen Sanders # Criminal Charges, Risk Assessment, and Violent Recidivism in Cases of Domestic Abuse University of Chicago, Becker Friedman Institute for Economics Working Paper No. 2023-11, January 2023 |
Emily D.
Buehler |
Camera
Deputati - Senato della Repubblica # Relazione del Ministro sull’amministrazione della giustizia per l’anno 2022 www.giustizia.it/ 18 - 19 gennaio 2023 |
Garante
Nazionale dei diritti delle persone private
della liobertà personale (Emanuele Cappelli,
Davide Lucia, Tiziana Fortuna, Giovanni Suriano,
Nadia Cersosimo). # Per un’analisi dei suicidi negli Istituti penitenziari https://www.garantenazionaleprivatiliberta.it/ 5 gennaio 2023 |
Ann Carson |
Zhen Zeng |
Monica
Cristina Gallo, Cecilia Blengino # Giovani dentro e fuori. Un'indagine per conoscere la popolazione giovanile nella Casa Circondariale di Torino Università degli Studi di Torino, dicembre 2022 |
Cesare
Burdese # Dare umanità e dignità all’ambiente fisico del carcere. Per superare una violazione sistematica della Costituzione Torino 12 Dicembre 2022 |
European Commission |
Roberto Cornelli |
Garante Nazionale dei
diritti delle persone private della libertà
personale |
Magistratura Democratica |
|
Amy
D. Lauger, Michael B. Field |
Helen Fair, Roy Walmsley |
Transcrime - Ernesto U. Savona, Marco
Dugato, Edoardo Villa - Direzione Centrale della Polizia
Criminale del Dipartimento della Pubblica Sicurezza,
Ministero dell’Interno - Dipartimento per la Giustizia
Minorile e di Comunità Ministero della Giustizia |
Alexandra Thompson, Susannah N. Tapp |
Mauro Palma |
Pennsylvania Department of Corrections |
Department of
Justice # More then 374,000 persons held in State and Federal Prisons tested positive for covid-19 in 2020-21 https://bjs.ojp.gov/ august 25, 2022 |
ACLU - Jennifer Turner et al. |
Connor
Brooks, Sean E. Goodison, # Federal Deaths in Custody and During Arrest, 2020 – Statistical Tables https://bjs.ojp.gov/ July 2022 |
House of Commons
Justice Committee # Women in Prison. First Report of Session 2022–23 https://committees.parliament.uk/ 26 July 2022 |
Prison Reform
Trust # Prison: the facts. Bromley Briefings Summer 2022 https://prisonreformtrust.org.uk/ July 2022 |
Camera dei Deputati Roma, 10 giugno 2022 |
Associazione Antigone |
Jennifer L. Truman,
Ph.D., and Rachel E. Morgan, |
Stefano Anastasia, Franco
Corleone, Leonardo Fiorentini, Marco
Perduca, Grazia Zuffa (a cura di) |
Seena Fazel, Matthias
Burghart, Thomas Fanshawe, Sharon Danielle Gil, John Monahan,
Rongqin Yu # The predictive performance of criminal risk assessment tools used at sentencing: Systematic review of validation studies Journal of Criminal Justice, 81, 2022 |
Penal Reform International
- Thailand Institute of Justice # Global Prison Trends 2022 https://cdn.penalreform.org/ may 2022 |
The
Sentencing Project # Incarcerated Women and Girls www.sentencingproject.org/ may 2022 |
Giovanni Fiandaca |
Marco T. C. Stam, Hilde T.
Wermink, Arjan A. J. Blokland, Jim Been # The effects of imprisonment length on recidivism: a judge stringency instrumental variable approach Journal of Experimental Criminology, 1 may 2023 |
Ministère
de la Justice # Statistique des établissements des personnes écrouées en France http://www.justice.gouv.fr/ 1er mai 2022 |
Richard
Rosenfeld, Amanda
Grigg (eds)
#
The Limits
of Recidivism:
Measuring Success
After Prison
National Academies
of Sciences, April
2022
Shawn Bushway, Irineo
Cabreros, Jessica Welburn Paige,
Daniel Schwam, Jeffrey B. Wenger # Barred from employment: More than half of unemployed men in their 30s had a criminal history of arrest https://www.science.org/ 2022 |
Ministero della Giustizia |
Antigone # Il carcere visto da dentro. XVIII Rapporto di Antigone sulle condizioni di detenzione https://www.antigone.it/ 28 Aprile 2022 In media vi è una percentuale pari a 2,37 reati per detenuto. Al 31 dicembre 2008 il numero di reati per detenuto era più basso di 1,97. Dunque diminuiscono i reati in generale, diminuiscono i detenuti in termini assoluti ma aumenta il numero medio di reati per persona. Al 31 dicembre 2021, dei detenuti presenti nelle carceri italiane, solo il 38% era alla prima carcerazione. Il restante 62% in carcere c’era già stato almeno un’altra volta. Il 18% c’era già stato in precedenza 5 o più volte. Tassi di recidiva dunque alti, su cui sarebbe utile che il ministero raccogliesse dati certi. |
Commissione
parlamentare di inchiesta sul femminicidio,
nonché su ogni forma di violenza di genere # La vittimizzazione secondaria delle donne che subiscono violenza e dei loro figli nei procedimenti che disciplinano l’affidamento e la responsabilità genitoriale www.senato.it/l 20 aprile 2022 |
European Committee for the Prevention
of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment
or Punishment (CPT) 102. The Committee considers that, for every prison, there should be an absolute upper limit for the number of prisoners (“numerus clausus”), in order to guarantee the minimum standard in terms of living space, namely 6m² per person in single cells and 4m² per person in multiple-occupancy cells (excluding the sanitary annexe). Thus, whenever a prison has reached that limit, appropriate steps must be taken by the relevant authorities to ensure that a person, who has been newly remanded in custody or sentenced to imprisonment, is offered acceptable conditions of detention (including in terms of living space). |
Marcelo F. Aebi, Edoardo Cocco, Lorena Molnar,
Mélanie M. Tiago # Space I - 2021 - Council of Europe Annual Penal Statistics # Key Findings Council of Europe & University of Lausanne, 6 april 2022 |
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of
Health The study estimates there were 127,282 incarcerated in 2021 in state prisons for sex offenses involving children, at an average annual cost of $34,191, for a total of $4.4 billion in spending at the state level. At the federal level, the study estimates there were 12,850 inmates incarcerated in federal prisons for child sex offenses in 2021, at an annual average cost per inmate of $39,521, a total of $508 million in spending. For the estimated 4,321 inmates with child victims in high-security sex offender civil commitment facilities, the study estimates an annual average cost per inmate of $139,489, a total of $538 million in annual spending after adjusting for individual cost fluctuations. |
Rich
Kluckow, Zhen Zeng # Correctional Populations in the United States, 2020 – Statistical Tables https://bjs.ojp.gov/ March 2022 At yearend 2020, an estimated 5,500,600 persons were under the supervision of adult correctional systems in the United States, 11% fewer than at the same time the previous year. This was the first time since 1996 that the total correctional population dropped to less than 5.6 million. About 1 in 47 adult U.S. residents (2.1%) were under some form of correctional supervision at the end of 2020, a decrease from 1 in 40 (2.5%) at the end of 2019. |
Pietro Buffa # 3/3 La necessità di una riforma strutturale
|
Luigi
Pagano, Claudia Pecorella # Osservazioni a margine della Relazione finale della Commissione Ruotolo https://sistemapenale.it/ 15 febbraio 2022 |
Rachel E. Morgan, Jennifer L.
Truman |
Rachel E.
Morgan, Alexandra Thompson # The Nation’s Two Crime Measures, 2011–2020 https://bjs.ojp.gov/ February 2022 During the 10-year period from 2011 to 2020, the NCVS (National Crime Victimization Survey) rate of violent crime (including rape or sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault) declined from 22.6 to 16.4 victimizations per 1,000 persons age 12 or older. The rate increased from 2015 to 2018, then declined from 2018 to 2020. From 2011 to 2020, the NCVS rate of violent crime reported to police decreased from 11.1 to 6.6 victimizations per 1,000 persons age 12 or older, a decline of 40%... |
Ignazio
Juan Patrone (Comitato scientifico della
Associazione Antigone) # Delocalizzare i penitenziari e deportarvi i detenuti. La soluzione in salsa danese al sovraffollamento carcerario www.questionegiustizia.it/ 3 febbraio 2022 |
Ministry
of Justice |
Steven
Sprick Schuster, Ben Stickle |
# Pietro Curzio, Relazione sull'amministrazione della giustiza nell'anno 2021, Roma 21 gennaio 2022, www.cortedicassazione.it/ | # Sintesi # Giovanni Salvi, Intervento nell’Assemblea generale della Corte sull’amministrazione della giustizia nell’anno 2021, Roma 21 gennaio 2022, www.cortedicassazione.it/ | # Sintesi # Giuseppe Ondei - Relazione Sull’amministrazione della giustizia nel Distretto della Corte di Appello di Milano, https://www.corteappello.milano.it/ 22 gennaio 2022 | # Discorso |
Relazione
della ministra della giustizia Marta Cartabia
sull'amministrazione della giustizia # Inaugurazione Anno Giudiziario 2022 - Comunicazione al Senato della Repubblica e alla Camera dei Deputati www.giustizia.it/ 19 gennaio 2022 |
Edmondo
Bruti Liberati # Carcere da riformare: bisogna renderlo più umano Il Dubbio, 18 gennaio 2022 |
Gian Luigi Gatta* |
E. Ann Carson |
Todd D. Minton, Zhen Zeng |
Danielle Kaeble |
Lauren G.
Beatty, Tracy L. Snell # Profle of Prison Inmates, 2016 https://bjs.ojp.gov/ December 2021 |
#
Commissione per
l’innovazione del sistema penitenziario
(Presidente Prof. Marco Ruotolo) - Relazione finale |
Insee Références
# Sécurité
et société
https://www.insee.fr/ 09.12.2021
Kira Schacht |
France - Ministère de la Justice |
National Institute of
Justice - NIJ # Desistance From Crime. Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice https://www.ojp.gov/ November 2021 |
Commissione
Parlamentare di Inchiesta sul Femminicidio, nonché
su ogni forma di violenza di genere # Relazione su "La risposta giudiziaria ai femminicidi in Italia. Analisi delle indagini e delle sentenze. Il biennio 2017.2018" Approvata il 18 novembre 2021 - https://sistemapenale.it/ 25nov21 |
Kristofer Bret
Bucklen |
Damon M.
Petrich, Travis C. Pratt, Cheryl Lero Jonson, Francis T. Cullen |
Leonardo Antenangeli,
Matthew R. Durose # Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 24 States in 2008: A 10-Year Follow-Up Period (2008–2018) https://bjs.ojp.gov/ September 2021 |
Barbara
Oudekerk, Danielle Kaeble, # Probation and Parole in the United States, 2019 https://bjs.ojp.gov/ July 2021 The number of adults on probation or parole in the United States decreased from 4,399,000 at year-end 2018 to 4,357,700 at year- end 2019. This 0.9% decline was solely driven by a reduction in probationers, who made up the majority (80%) of the community supervision population. During this period, the number of probationers fell from 3,540,000 to 3,492,900 (down 1.3%), while the number of parolees remained relatively steady, increasing slightly from 878,000 to 878,900 (up 0.1%). Among all adults in the U.S., about 1 in 59 were under some form of community supervision at year-end 2019. |
Elisabet
Moles-López, Fanny T. Añaños, |
Frédérique Cornuau,
Marianne Juillard |
Antigone. Per i diritti e
le garanzie nel sistema penale |
Matthew
R. Durose and Leonardo Antenangeli # Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 34 States in 2012: A 5-Year Follow-Up Period (2012–2017) https://bjs.ojp.gov/ July 2021 Among state prisoners released in 2012 across 34 states, 62% were arrested within 3 years, and 71% were arrested within 5 years. Among prisoners released in 2012 across 21 states with available data on persons returned to prison, 39% had either a parole or probation violation or an arrest for a new offense within 3 years that led to imprisonment, and 46% had a parole or probation violation or an arrest within 5 years that led to imprisonment. |
Antigone |
UNODC # Nearly twelve million people imprisoned globally nearly one-third unsentenced with prisons overcrowded in half of all countries www.unodc.org/ July 2021 At the end of 2019, an estimated 11.7 million persons were detained in prisons across the world. This is a population comparable in size to entire nations such as Bolivia, Burundi, Belgium, or Tunisia. • Since 2000, the population held in prison has increased by more than 25%. • Most persons detained in prison globally are men (93%) but - over the last 20 years – the number of women in prisons has increased at a faster pace (33% increase) than men (25% increase).... |
Coordinamento Nazionale dei Magistrati di Sorveglianza - Conams # Comunicato sui fatti del carcere di Santa Maria Capua Vetere Roma, 5 luglio 2021 ... riafferma l'altissimo valore non negoziabile della dignità di ogni persona umana e dell'nviolabilità dei corpi dei detenuti consacrata negli istituti millenari posti a fondamento dello Stato di diritto e della civiltà umana e giuridica... |
Senato
della Repubblica - Commissione
parlamentare di inchiesta sul
femminicidio, nonché su ogni forma di
violenza di genere # Rapporto sulla violenza di genere e domestica nella realtà giudiziaria. Analisi delle indagini condotte presso le procure della Repubblica, i tribunali ordinari, i tribunali di sorveglianza, il Consiglio superiore della magistratura, la Scuola superiore della magistratura, il Consiglio nazionale forense e gli ordini degli psicologi www.senato.it/ Presentata il 23 giugno 2021 |
Garante nazionale dei diritti
delle persone private della libertà
personale. Meccanismo nazionale di
prevenzione della tortura e dei
trattamenti o pene, crudeli, inumani o
degradanti
#
Relazione
al Parlamento 2021 - Parte 1 (Pag.
1-216)
#
Mappe
e Dati |
Jacob
Kang-Brown, Chase Montagnet, Jasmine Heiss # People in Jail and Prison in Spring 2021 https://www.vera.org/ June 2021 The total number of people incarcerated in state and federal prisons and local jails in the United States dropped 14 percent from around 2.1 million in 2019 to 1.8 million by June 2020, declining a further 2 percent by March 2021. This represents a 23 percent decline from a peak of 2.3 million people in 2008. The incarceration rate in the United States, including state and federal prisons and local jails, was 537 people behind bars per 100,000 residents in early 2021. This is down from a peak of 760 per 100,000 in 2008 |
Garante
nazionale delle persone detenute # Scheda sulla Relazione al Parlamento 2021 Roma, 7 giugno 2021 |
Laura
M. Maruschak, Jennifer Bronson, Mariel
Alper # Indicators of Mental Health Problems Reported by Prisoners: Survey of Prison Inmates, 2016 https://bjs.ojp.gov/ June 2021 |
Emily D. Buehler |
Ministère de la Justice |
European Committee for the
Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or
Degrading Treatment or Punishment |
Marcelo F. Aebi, Edoardo
Cocco, Lorena Molnar, Mélanie M. Tiago https://wp.unil.ch/ |
Ministero
della Giustizia # Misure cautelari personali e riparazione per ingiusta detenzione. Dati 2020 - Relazione al Parlamento ex L, 16 aprile 2015, n. 47 Aggiornamento Aprile 2021 |
Dipartimento per la Giustizia
minorile e di comunità |
Nicola Carr ... Building on the concept of ‘recovery capital’, Best et al. identify that ‘justice capital’, which includes the resources of institutions available to support effective rehabilitation, reintegration, and desistance, can be a useful way to think about the way in which criminal justice institutions and practices can be oriented towards supporting desistance. Importantly, they also explore how negative forms of capital including the absence of procedural fairness and poor treatment and conditions, can diminish any attempts to support desistance... |
Lois
M. Davis, John Linton # What Corrections Officials Need to Know to Partner with Colleges to Implement College Programs in Prisons www.rand.org/ 2021 Incarcerated adults who participate in a correctional education program while in prison had a 13% point reduction in their risk of recidivating after being released from prison. Those who participate in in-prison college programs are roughly half as likely to recidivate... For every dollar invested in prison education programs, taxpayers save, on average, between $4 and $5 in three-year reincarceration costs... |
# Aebi, M. F., & Tiago, M. M. (2021). SPACE I - 2020 – Council of Europe Annual Penal Statistics: Prison populations. Strasbourg: Council of Europe (updated 8 march 2021) |
Antigone # Oltre il virus. XVII Rapporto di Antigone sulle condizioni di detenzione www.antigone.it/ 12 marzo 2021 |
Tommaso Miele | Corte dei
Conti - Sezione giurisdizionale per la
Regione Lazio |
Isabella Merzagora |
Giovanni Fiandaca L'emergenza sanitaria da rischio contagio-Covid, ha riacceso i riflettori sui persistenti problemi e sulle persistenti esigenze inevase del pianeta carcere: il concreto rischio di contagi diffusi a tutt'oggi deriva, infatti, dal riemerso sovraffollamento, dalle tipiche condizioni di vita carceraria e dalla stessa conformazione strutturale di alcune vecchie prigioni con spazi molto angusti, nonché dalla situazione igienica non sempre a norma, che impediscono un sufficiente distanziamento sociale e l'adozione di tutti gli altri dispositivi di prevenzione più facilmente accessibili alle persone in libertà... |
Garante
nazionale dei diritti delle persone
private della libertà personale # Rapporto tematico sulle sezioni di Alta Sicurezza 2 (AS2) www.garantenazionaleprivatiliberta.it/ 1 febbraio 2021 Il Garante nazionale dei diritti delle persone private della libertà personale (Garante nazionale) ha visitato, nella sua composizione collegiale, tutte quelle Sezioni del sotto-circuito di Alta sicurezza 2 (As2) che sono attualmente caratterizzate dalla diversità delle categorie delle persone ristrette, relativamente al contesto del reato commesso. In particolare, nelle sezioni oggetto di visita sono compresenti persone detenute per reati commessi nel contesto delle azioni armate degli anni Settanta e Ottanta, persone detenute perché imputate o condannate per reati inquadrabili nel complessivo fenomeno del terrorismo internazionale legato a integralismo religioso e persone prevalentemente imputate e in alcuni casi condannate per recenti azioni di antagonismo politico anche di tipo anarchico. |
Jacob
Kang-Brown, Chase Montagnet, Jasmine Heiss # People in Jail and Prison in 2020 https://www.vera.org/ january 2020 The United States saw an unprecedented drop in total incarceration between 2019 and 2020. Triggered by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and pressure from advocates to reduce incarceration, local jails drove the initial decline, although prisons also made reductions. From summer to fall 2020, prison populations declined further, but jails began to refill, showing the fragility of decarceration. Jails in rural counties saw the biggest initial drops, but still incarcerate people at double the rate of urban and suburban areas. The number of people incarcerated in state and federal prisons and local jails in the United States dropped from around 2.1 million in 2019 to 1.8 million by mid-2020—a 14 percent decrease. |
Anita Tun |
Joe
Mullah, Safya Khan-Ruf (eds) # State of Hate. Far-Right Extremism in Europe www.hopenothate.org.uk/ 16 february 2021 2020 saw a dramatic increase in the number of people engaging with conspiracy theories during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Across Europe we’ve witnessed the birth of a number of conspiracy theory-driven protest groups that have taken to the streets, driven by a strongly anti-elite, anti-lockdown and anti- vaccine agenda. Responsibility for the spread of conspiracy theories partially lies with digital platforms and social media, which has helped false information of all kinds spread faster and more aggressively... |
Istat # Autori e vittime di omicidio | Anni 2018-2019 www.istat.it/ 5 febbraio 2021 Omicidi in calo. Crescono quelli in famiglia: vittime soprattutto donne, uomini gli autori. Nel 2019 gli omicidi sono 315 (345 nel 2018): 204 uomini e 111 donne. Il 19,7% (di cui 17,6% maschi e 23,4% femmine) è composto da vittime straniere. Gli omicidi sono in calo fin dagli anni Novanta, soprattutto quelli dovuti alla criminalità organizzata (29 nel 2019, il 9,2% del totale). In ambito familiare o affettivo aumentano invece le vittime: 150 nel 2019 (47,5% del totale); 93 vittime sono donne (l’83,8% del totale degli omicidi femminili) Nei procedimenti giudiziari crescono gli imputati per omicidio in “contesti relazionali” (246 nel 2010, 271 nel 2018). |
Istat # Delitti, imputati e vittime dei reati. Lacriminalità in Italia, attraverso una lettura integrata delle fonti sulla giustizia. Riedizione con dati aggiornati www.istat.it/ 22 gennaio 2021 Il volume analizza la criminalità in Italia secondo una prospettiva multifonte che, grazie all’utilizzo a fini statistici di diverse fonti amministrative di polizia e di giustizia penale, consente una lettura integrata e fortemente articolata di un fenomeno caratterizzato da grande complessità. Tra i molti fenomeni criminosi, l’attenzione è qui posta maggiormente sui reati contro il patrimonio, sui reati informatici, su alcuni reati violenti e soprattutto sui soggetti che li compiono e le loro vittime. Le analisi approfondiscono gli aspetti territoriali e l’evoluzione nel tempo dei fenomeni, alla ricerca di connotazioni rilevanti, con un focus sulle caratteristiche socio-demografiche dei soggetti coinvolti, ma anche degli esiti giudiziari. Arricchiscono il volume due focus privilegiati, uno sui minorenni entrati nel percorso giudiziario penale, l’atro sui procedimenti e le condanne legate agli ecoreati. |
Glauco Giostra |
Riccardo De Vito
[Presidente di Magistratura democratica] |
Sandra Berardi |
Associazione
Avvocato di strada ODV # Fine pena: la strada. Misure alternative e persone senza dimora www.avvocatodistrada.it/ Novembre 2020 Di fatto, l’assenza di un’abitazione è di ostacolo sia nella fase pre-processuale per la scelta e l’applicazione delle misure cautelari, sia nella fase esecutiva della sanzione per trascorrere il periodo della pena al di fuori delle mura carcerarie... La relazione tra carcere e strada emerge anche per quanto riguarda i cosiddetti reati di povertà. È stato evidenziato, infatti, come non solo a livello italiano, ma anche internazionale, si stia diffondendo la criminalizzazione di condotte tipiche di persone che vivono in strada (come ad esempio dormire in un luogo pubblico o chiedere l’elemosina), attraverso l’uso di leggi e pratiche atte a limitare le loro attività e i loro movimenti. L’effetto finale è un trattamento altamente discriminatorio e ingiustificatamente punitivo verso le persone senza dimora. |
Marcelo
F. Aebi and Mélanie M. Tiago # Prisons and Prisoners in Europe in Pandemic Times: An evaluation of the medium-term impact of the COVID-19 on prison populations https://wp.unil.ch/ Strasbourg and Lausanne: 10 November 2020 In sum, the general trend observed in Europe is the following: The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by an overall decrease of European prison populations during the period of the lockdowns; that trend was stopped and, in several countries, reversed after the end of the lockdowns. The European trend can be explained combining three factors: • A decrease in the activities of the criminal justice system... • The release of inmates as a preventive measure to reduce the spread of COVID-19... • The lockdowns produced a crime drop... |
E.
Ann Carson # Prisoners in 2019 https://www.bjs.gov/ October 2020 At year-end 2019, an estimated 1,430,800 prisoners were under state or federal jurisdiction, a decrease of 2% from the 1,464,400 prisoners in 2018 and 11% from the peak of 1,615,500 prisoners in 2009. About 88% of all prisoners were under state jurisdiction and 12% were under BOP jurisdiction in 2019, with state prisoners accounting for 86% of the decline in the total prison population from 2018. By yearend 2019, the total prison population declined for the sixth consecutive year, and the federal prison population declined for the seventh consecutive year... |
cepej |
Marcelo
F. Aebi, Mélanie M. Tiago, Yuji Z.
Hashimoto # Space Project: 2020 Update - 10th PC-CP Plenary Meeting, 13-14 October 2020 https://rm.coe.int/ Strasbourg, 13 October 2020 |
Reuters # Dying Inside. The Data Behind Jail Deaths in America www.reuters.com/ October 2020 The U.S. government collects detailed data on who’s dying in which jails around the country – but won’t let anyone see it. So, Reuters conducted its own tally of fatalities in America’s biggest jails, pinpointing where suicide, botched healthcare and bad jailkeeping are claiming lives in a system with scant oversight |
Rachel
E. Morgan, Jennifer L. Truman # Criminal Victimization, 2019 www.bjs.gov/ September 2020 After rising from 1.1 million in 2015 to 1.4 million in 2018, the number of persons who were victims of violent crime excluding simple assault dropped to 1.2 million in 2019. This is the first statistically significant decrease in the number of persons who were victims of violent crime excluding simple assault since 2015, and it corresponds with a decline in the number of victims of rape or sexual assault from 2018 to 2019. |
Kelly Servick [Traduzione di
Andrea Sparacino] I focolai negli istituti di pena evidenziano le disuguaglianze rispetto all'incidenza del virus. Tra gli afroamericani il tasso d'incarcerazione è più alto rispetto a quello tra i bianchi, e lo stesso vale per la durata delle condanne. Inoltre i detenuti presentano un tasso più elevato di malattie pregresse, un aspetto che li rende più esposti alle forme gravi di covid-19. Un altro elemento rilevante è il fatto che la salute dei detenuti è legata a quella della comunità che circonda i penitenziari. Il virus può entrare nelle strutture tramite i dipendenti (almeno 23mila persone che lavorano nelle carceri sono risultate positive) o essere portato dalle persone detenute per brevi periodi o trasferite da una struttura all'altra. |
Denis
Yukhnenko, Achim Wolf,
Nigel Blackwood, Seena
Fazel
#
Recidivism rates in
individuals receiving
community sentences: A
systematic review
PLoS ONE september
2019
Lanfranco
Caminiti # Francia. La pandemia in carcere ha scoperchiato il velo: sistema crudele e malato Il Dubbio, 10 settembre 2020 All'inizio del 2020, 35 penitenziari sono stati considerati dalla giustizia francese come luoghi in cui le persone sono esposte a condizioni non dignitose... un terzo del "parco prigioni" è oggi considerato fatiscente... La Francia è stata condannata 18 volte dalla Corte europea dei diritti dell'uomo, per le condizioni di detenzione che violano l'articolo 3 della Convenzione europea dei diritti dell'uomo (Cedu) che vieta la tortura e un trattamento disumano o degradante, e è stata "sollecitata" a adottare misure strutturali per porre fine al sovraffollamento delle carceri... # Ministère de la justice – DAP | Mesure de l'incarceration - 1er juillet 2020 |
Ministero dell'Interno |
Andrea Pugiotto |
Ministry of Justice |
Antigone # Il carcere alla prova della fase 2. Salute, tecnologia, spazi, vita interna www.antigone.it/ 10 agosto 2020 |
Daniela Vigoni |
Nicholas Chan | NSW Bureau of
Crime Statistics and Research |
Cpt
Comitato europeo per la prevenzione della
tortura e delle pene o trattamenti inumani o
degradanti # Follow-up relativo alla situazione delle persone private della libertà personale nell’ambito dell’attuale pandemia di COVID-191 Strasbourg, 9 luglio 2020 |
Nasrul
Ismail, Andrew Forrester # The state of English prisons and the urgent need for reform https://www.thelancet.com/ July 2020 The CPT report, and documented 63 328 incidents of self-harm in 2019—a record number—and a total that amounts to an increase of 63% since 2012... Incidents of assault increased by 53%... Episodes of prisoner on staff violenceincreased by 70%... The CPT recommended investing in smaller prisons, but the UK government resisted, instead planning further space to accommodate an additional 20 000 prisoners.5 Creating new space by building additional prisons will increase the prison population further, and such an approach is unlikely to improve prisoners’ health and wellbeing... # CPT, Report to the United Kingdom Government on the visit to the United Kingdom carried out by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 13 to 23 May 2019, 30 april 2020 # Executive Summary |
Pietro Buffa # Carcere e pandemia https://dirittopenaleuomo.org/ 1 luglio 2020 Nel frattempo il carcere, come gli ospizi, sono luoghi ove la strategia esterna delbdistanziamento non potrà essere mai applicata perché la nostra modernità democratica, via via, li ha già distanziati dalla società stessa e li affolla di scarti sociali frutto dell’incapacità di prendersi cura veramente dei problemi essenziali. Contenitori di disagio affrontato con l’allontanamento oggi saliti all’onor delle cronache per gli effetti che il virus ha avuto nelle R.S.A. e che potenzialmente poteva generare anche negli istituti di pena. |
Marco Musumeci, Francesco Marelli |
Garante
Nazionale dei diritti delle persone detenute o
private della libertà personale # Relazione al Parlamento 2020 http://www.garantenazionaleprivatiliberta.it/ Roma 26 giugno 2020 |
Marcelo F. Aebi, Mélanie M. Tiago |
Simone Lonati, Carlo Melzi d'Eril |
Antigone # Il carcere al tempo del Coronavirus. XVI Rapporto di Antigone sulle condizioni di detenzione www.antigone.it/ 22 maggio 2020 |
#
UNODC, WHO, UNAIDS and
OHCHR joint statement on COVID-19 in prisons
and other closed settings We, the leaders of global health, human rights and development institutions, come together to urgently draw the attention of political leaders to the heightened vulnerability of prisoners and other people deprived of liberty to the COVID-19 pandemic, and urge them to take all appropriate public health measures in respect of this vulnerable population that is part of our communities. |
J.J.
Prescott, Benjamin Pyle, Sonja B. Starr # Understanding Violent-Crime Recidivism Notre Dame Law Review, Vol. 95, Issue 4, 2020 This Article attempts to provide a better understanding of violent-crime recidivism to encourage policymakers to engage with the idea of releasing earlier many individuals who are serving sentences for violent crimes. Our synthesis of the recidivism literature and our new empirical analysis suggest that this population, especially individuals with prior homicide convictions who are older at release, are unlikely to reoffend, although they are somewhat more likely to commit new violent crimes relative to those released after serving time for nonviolent offenses. |
Garante delle persone sottoposte a
misure restrittive della libertà personale della
Regione Campania |
Talha Burki ... Iran announced the release of 85000 prisoners in March. France and Italy have reduced their prison populations by 10000 and 6000, respectively. Chile has let out 1300 low-risk offenders, and states across the USA are releasing varying numbers of prisoners. “There is absolutely no doubt that this crisis calls for reducing overcrowding and finding alternatives to prison for people in particular categories, definitely those in pretrial detention for non-violent offences”, Broner told The Lancet. |
EUROPOL # Beyond the pandemic. How COVID-19 will shape the serious and organised crime landscape in the EU www.europol.europa.eu/ 30 April 2020 Europol expects the impact of the current crisis on serious and organised crime and terrorism to unfold in three phases, equivalent to the shortterm/immediate outlook, a mid-term and long-term perspective.... Drug markets are resilient and adaptable... The trafficking of cannabis, cocaine, and heroin has continued throughout the pandemic, albeit at lower levels than before. After the withdrawal of lockdown and quarantine measures across the EU, it is expected that regular supply will resume at pre-pandemic levels with little or no id- or long-term impact. |
Sarah Figgatt |
Guido Travaini, Palmina Caruso,
Isabella Merzagora |
Dipartimento Giustizia minorile e di
comunità |
E. Ann Carson |
Penal Reform International |
The
Editorial Board # No One Deserves to Die of Covid-19 in Jail. But more than 100 inmates already have. www.nytimes.com/ April 23, 2020 |
Marcelo F.
Aebi, Mélanie M. Tiago # Prisons and Prisoners in Europe 2019: Key Findings of the SPACE I report http://wp.unil.ch/ April 2020 |
Council of
Europe - Commissioner for Human Rights # COVID-19 pandemic: urgent steps are needed to protect the rights of prisoners in Europe www.coe.int/ Strasbourg 06/04/2020 |
#
Il Garante Nazionale nei giorni
dell'emergenza Covid-19 |
European Prison Observatory |
Congressional Research Service |
Zhen Zeng |
Inter-Agency
Standing Committee (IASC) | OHCHR | WHO # COVID-19: Focus on Persons Deprived of Their Liberty 27 March 2020 |
Michelle
Bachelet # Urgent action needed to prevent COVID-19 “rampaging through places of detention” www.ohchr.org/ Geneva, 25 March 2020 |
Alessandro
Albano, Francesco Picozzi # L'importanza delle risorse inutilizzate: per un sistema penitenziario antifragile BioLaw Journal 3/2020 |
Marcelo F. Aebi, Mélanie M. Tiago |
Associazione
Nazionale Magistrati # L'ANM sulla situazione delle carceri www.associazionemagistrati.it/ 24 marzo 2020 |
Associazione
Italiana dei Professori di Diritto Penale
(AIPDP) # Magistratura Democratica, Non aspettare, www.magistraturademocratica.it/ 23 marzo 2020 # Unione delle Camere Penali Italiane, Emergenza carcere: basta mistificazioni! www.camerepenali.it/ 20 marzo 2020 |
Comitato europeo per la prevenzione della tortura e delle pene o trattamenti inumani o degradanti (CPT) CPT/Inf(2020)13, pubblicato il 20 marzo 2020 |
E. Ann Carson, Mary P. Cowhig |
E. Ann Carson, Mary P. Cowhig |
# Relazione sull'amministrazione della Giustizia nell'anno 2019 del Primo Presidente Giovanni Mammone |
Dipartimento Giustizia minorile e di comunità # Adulti in area penale esterna. Analisi statistica dei dati15 gennaio 2020 Roma, 22 gennaio 2020 |
Vincenzo Giglio |
Denis
Yukhnenko, Shivpriya Sridhar, Seena Fazel # A systematic review of criminal recidivism rates worldwide: 3-year update Open Research 2020 Released prisoners are at higher risk of criminal recidivism than those serving non-custodial sentences... Although most of these recidivism events are non-violent (property crimes, violation of post-release conditions, etc.), released prisoners also have an elevated risk of violent recidivism, which are much more impactful because of high associated physical and psychological morbidity |
Erica L. Smith, Jessica Stroop |
European Union Agency for Fundamental
Rights |
Dipartimento Giustizia minorile e di
comunità |
Antoine Dulin |
Manfred
Nowak # United Nations Global Study on Children Deprived of Liberty https://www.ohchr.org/ November 2019 For All Invisible and Forgotten Children Deprived of Liberty... More than 7 million children are suffering in various types of child-specific institutions, immigration detention centres, police custody, prisons and other places of detention. |
République Française - Ministère de la
justice
# Statistique
des établissements des personnes écrouées en
France - situation au 1er octobre 2019 |
Dipartimento
Giustizia minorile e di comunità # Adulti in area penale esterna. Analisi statistica dei dati 15 ottobre 2019 Roma, 25 ottobre 2019 |
The European Prison Observatory |
Cecelia M. Klingele # Measuring Change: From Rates of Recidivism to Markers of Desistance Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Fall 2019 |
The
Sentencing Project # U.S. Prison Population Trends: Massive Buildup and Modest Decline www.sentencingproject.org/ September 2019 By yearend 2017, 1.4 million people were imprisoned in the United States, a decline of 7% since the prison population reached its peak level in 2009. This follows a nearly 700% growth in the prison population between 1972 and 2009... Alaska (39% decline since 2006)• New Jersey (38% decline since 1999)• Vermont (35% decline since 2009)• Connecticut (33% decline since 2007)• New York (32% decline since 1999)... If states and the federal government maintain this pace of decarceration, it will take 72 years—until 2091—to cut the U.S. prison population in half. |
Philippe Bensimon |
Dipartimento per la giustizia minorile e di comunità #
Adulti in area
penale esterna - Aggiornamento al 15
settembre 2019 |
Ministero dell'Interno |
The Prison Reform Trust |
David J Harding, Jeffrey D
Morenoff, Anh P Nguyen, Shawn D Bushway,
Ingrid A Binswanger |
UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs
and Crime |
Ministère de la Justice |
Forum Nazionale Giovani |
Antigone |
Dipartimento per la giustizia minorile e di comunità
# Adulti in
area penale esterna - Aggiornamento al 15
luglio 2019 |
Dipartimento Giustizia minorile e di
comunità |
Mariel Alper, Matthew R. Durose,
# Recidivism
of Sex Ofenders Released from State Prison:
A 9-Year Follow-Up (2005-14) |
Marcelo F. Aebi, Yuji Z. Hashimoto,
Mélanie M. Tiago |
Dipartimento Giustizia minorile e di
comunità |
Ministero
della Giustizia. Direzione Generale di
Statistica e Analisi Tribunali e uffici di sorveglianza per adulti # Provvedimenti di concessione di misure 2013-2017 # Provvedimenti di revoca delle misure concesse 2013-2017 Ministero della Giustizia, maggio 2019 |
Associazione
Antigone # Il carcere secondo la Costituzione. XV rapporto di Antigone sulle condizioni di detenzione Roma, 16 maggio 2019 |
Jennifer
Bronson, E. Ann Carson # Prisoners in 2017 www.bjs.gov/ April 2019 The United States prison population declined from 1,508,129 at the end of 2016 to 1,489,363 at the end of 2017, a decrease of 1.2%. During the same period, the number of prisoners under the jurisdiction of federal correctional authorities decreased by 6,100 (down 3%), and the number of prisoners under the jurisdiction of state correctional authorities fell by 12,600 (down 1%). Te imprisonment rate for sentenced prisoners was the lowest since 1997, at 440 prisoners per 100,000 U.S. residents of all ages and 568 per 100,000 U.S. residents age 18 or older |
CPT -
European Committee for the Prevention of
Tortureand Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or
Punishment # 28th General Report of the CPT - 1 January - 31 December 2018 Council of Europe, April 2019 |
Dipartimento
Giustizia minorile e di comunità # Adulti in area penale esterna. Analisi statistica dei dati www.giustizia.it/ Roma, 1 aprile 2019 |
Marcelo
F. Aebi, Mélanie M. Tiago # Prisons and Prisoners in Europe 2018: Key Findings of the SPACE I report Université de Lausanne - Council of Europe |
Garante nazionale dei diritti delle
persone detenute o private della libertà
personale |
Shadd Maruna, Ruth Mann |
Bailey
Gray, Doug Smith, Allison Franklin # Return To Nowhere. The Revolving Door Between Incarceration and Homelessness Texas Criminal Justice Coalition, February 2019 Homelessness and justice system involvement are inextricably linked: People experiencing homelessness are 11 times more likely to face incarceration when compared to the general population, and formerly incarcerated individuals are almost 10 times more likely to be homeless than the general public. In fact, the rate of homelessness among adult state and federal prison inmates is four to six times the annual rate of homelessness in the general population. |
Ministry of Justice |
Mariel Alper, Lauren Glaze |
Dipartimento Giustizia minorile e di
comunità |
Garante nazionale dei diritti delle
persone detenute o private della libertà
personale |
Rachel E. Morgan, Jennifer L. Truman |
Giovanni
Mastrobuoni, Daniele Terlizzese # Leave the Door Open? Prison Conditions and Recidivism www.carloalberto.org/ December 2018 |
Kristina
Lugo, Roger Przybylski # Estimating the Financial Costs of Crime Victimization. Final Report Justice Research and Statistics Association - December 2018 Despite reductions in U.S. crime rates in recent decades, crime victimization continues to be a pressing problem with enormous societal costs. Currently available national estimates of victimization costs are in the hundreds of billions of dollars each year – equivalent to between 2 percent and 6 percent of the nation’s gross domestic product. Understanding the costs of victimization and the components that comprise them can help policymakers and practitioners use resources more efficiently. |
Partito
Radicale Nonviolento Transnazionale Transpartito # Dossier carcere Roma, 7 Dicembre 2018 |
Marcelo
F. Aebi, Léa Berger-Kolopp, Christine Burkhardt,
Mélanie M. Tiago # Prisons in Europe, 2005-2015 vol. 1 # vol. II https://wp.unil.ch/ Lausanne, 30 June 2018 – Updated on 29 November 2018 |
Danielle Kaeble |
Shelley
S. Hyland |
Emilio Dolcini |
Donatella
Stasio |
Dipartimento
Amministrazione Penitenziaria DAP |
#
Projet
de loi de programmation 2019-2022
et de réforme pour la justice :
une réforme qui ne convainc pas
www.federationaddiction.fr/ Oct 2018 |
Ministry of Justice 83,005 prisoners in England and Wales as at 30 September 2018. The total prison population has decreased by 3%, compared with the same point in the previous year. 261,196 offenders on probation as at 30 June 2018. The number of offenders on probation at the end of June 2018 was stable (less than 1% decrease) compared to the same point in the previous year... |
United
Nations Office on Drugs and Crime -
UNODC # Introductory Handbook on the Prevention of Recidivism and the Social Reintegration of Offenders www.unodc.org/ Vienna, 2018 At the level of the individual, recidivism is prevented when an offender desists from crime. “Desistance” refers to the process by which, with or without external intervention, offenders cease to engage in criminal conduct and maintain crime-free lives. A number of factors are associated with desistance from crime, such as the acquisition of new skills, full-time employment or significant life partnership. Changes in family and employment circumstances are key factors in accounting for desistance. However, while it seems plausible that desistance becomes less likely when problematic social circumstances increase, the causal relationship between these factors and the absence of criminal behaviour are difficult to specify... |
France # Le Plan Pénitentiaire. Présentation justice.gouv.fr/ Conseil des ministres du 12 septembre 2018 |
Lorena Allam,
Calla Wahlquist and Nick Evershed |
Illinois
Sentencing Policy Advisory Council
(SPAC) |
Ministry of
Justice |
Matthew
Heeks, Sasha Reed, Mariam Tafsiri,
Stuart Prince # The economic and social costs of crime. Second edition https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/ Research Report 99, July 2018 The total costs of crime in England and Wales in the 2015/16 are estimated to be approximately £50bn for crimes against individuals and £9bn for crimes against businesses. Violent crimes make up the largest proportion of the total costs of individual crime – almost three quarters – but only one third of the number of crimes. This is mainly due to the higher physical and emotional costs to the victims of violent offences. These costs are particularly high for crimes that are more likely to result in emotional injuries, such as rape and violence with injury. The offence with the highest estimated unit cost is homicide (£ 3.2m). Rape (£39,360) has the highest estimated unit cost of non-fatal offences... |
Georgina Sturge |
Jacques
Bigot et François-Noël Buffet
(Sénateurs) Près de la moitié des peines principales prononcées en 2016 par les juridictions judiciaires étaient des peines d’emprisonnement : 287 511 peines d’emprisonnement pour 582 142 peines prononcées. Outre 203 300 peines d’amende, seulement 63 362 peines « alternatives » ou de substitution ont été prononcées à titre principal... La place centrale accordée à l’emprisonnement apparaît paradoxale au regard de la saturation de la chaine pénale et carcérale qui conduit à aménagerde nombreuses peines d’emprisonnement ferme et donc à ne pas les exécuter sous la forme prononcée par les juridictions ; cette déconnexion croissante, et illisible, entre le prononcé et l’exécution des peines d’emprisonnement avait déjà été dénoncée en 2017 par le rapport de la mission d’information de votre commission sur le redressement de la justice « Cinq ans pour sauver la justice ! ». |
Censis -
FederSicurezza Sul mercato della sicurezza... Lasciare troppo spazio alla libera iniziativa dei cittadini significherebbe, da un lato, incrementare le distanze sociali tra chi si può permettere i sistemi di difesa e chi no, e, dall’altro, andare incontro a pericolose derive giustizialiste della “sicurezza fai da te”... |
U.S.
Department of Justice - Office
of Justice Programs - Bureau of
Justice Statistics |
ISTAT # La percezione della sicurezza, Anni 2015-2016 www.istat.it/ 22 giugno 2018 |
Penal
Reform International |
Cristina Rodríguez Yagüe # Un análisis de las estrategias contra la sobrepoblación penitenciaria en España a la luz de los estándares europeos Revista Electrónica de Ciencia Penal y Criminología, 20.05.2018 La tasa de encarcelamiento en nueve años pasa de estar en 114 internos por 100.000 habitantes a 173. Claramente es el año 2009 el que supone una inflexión, pues a partir de entonces comienza un descenso de la población penitenciaria en centros españoles pero siempre sin recuperar los niveles de comienzos de siglo. Lógicamente esa tasa de encarcelamiento repercute en la tasa de sobreocupación , que ha llegado a alcanzar niveles alarmantes en estos años. Actualmente veremos que, gracias a una importante política de creación de nuevos centros penitenciarios, la densidad de la población ha disminuido hasta situarse, por regla general, en unos parámetros aceptables |
United
Nations - Commission on Crime
Prevention and Criminal Justice |
Elias Nosrati, Michael
Ash, Michael Marmot, Martin
McKee, Lawrence P King # The association between income and life expectancy revisited: deindustrialization, incarceration and the widening health gap International Journal of Epidemiology, 2018, 720–730 In the USA between 2001 and 2014, deindustrialization and incarceration subtracted roughly 2.5 years from the lifespan of the poor, pointing to their role as major health determinants. Future research must remain conscious of the upstream determinants and the political economy of public health. If public policy responses to growing health inequalities are to be effective, they must consider strengthening industrial policy and ending hyper-incarceration. |
Donatella Stasio |
Mariel Alper,
Matthew R. Durose, Joshua Markman |
The
Council of Economic Advisers |
HM
Chief Inspector of Prisons for
England and Wales |
Jaeok Kim, Preeti
Chauhan, Olive Lu, Meredith Patten |
Direction
de l'Administration Pénitentiaire -
Bureau des statistiques et des études
(SDME - Me5) # Statistique mensuelle des personnes écrouées et détenues en France. Situation au 1er mai 2018 www.justice.gouv.fr |
Danielle Kaeble,
Mary Cowhig |
Mark Brown, Stuart
Ross |
Aurélie Stoll, Manon
Jendly |
Office of the Prime
Minister’s Chief Science Advisor |
Jeffrey
A. Butts, Vincent Schiraldi # Recidivism Reconsidered: Preserving the Community Justice Mission of Community Corrections www.hks.harvard.edu/ March 2018 Despite promising research on the potential for desistance-focused approaches to improve outcomes, community corrections agencies continue to rely on recidivism as the primary measure of their effectiveness... Our purpose in this discussion is not to end the use of recidivism as a justice system measure but to illustrate its limits and to encourage the development and use of more suitable measures — namely, positive outcomes related to the complex process of criminal desistance. |
Council of Europe
Annual Penal Statistics #
Marcelo
F Aebi, Julien Chopin, SPACE II
2016, Persons Serving
Non-Custodial Sanctions and
Measures in 2016, rev. 12.03.2018 |
Robin
S. Engel, Robert E. Worden, Nicholas
Corsaro, Hannah D. McManus, Danielle
Reynolds, Hannah Cochran, Gabrielle T.
Isaza, Jennifer Calnon Cherkauskas |
IACP/UC Center for Research and Policy # Deconstructing the Power to Arrest: Lessons from Research www.theiacp.org/ March 15, 2018 It is a seemingly simple proposition that it is better for police to divert very low-risk offenders from the justice system, in which their involvement may have criminogenic effects, and to divert those with behavioral health and/or criminogenic needs away from the justice system and to ward supports and services that can better address their needs. It is not at all simple , however, to make that proposition a reality. Alternatives to arrest can take many different forms, not all of which are equally acceptable to street-level personnel. Well-founded diversion decisions require information thatofficers in the field typically lack and cannot easily acquire... |
John F. Pfaff |
Zhen Zeng |
Charles Falconer #
British
justice is in flames. The MoJ’s
fiddling is criminal. From prisons
to probation and legal aid, the
entire system is on the verge of
collapse – and poor people bear
the brunt. Act now, lord
chancellor |
Human Rights Watch The statistics on how overrepresented people with disabilities are in prison—and especially how overrepresented certain groups of people with disabilities are—call into question the fairness and effectiveness of Australia’s justice system. People with disabilities, particularly a cognitive or psychosocial disability, are overrepresented in the criminal justice system in Australia—comprising around 18 percent of the country’s population, but almost 50 percent of people entering prison. |
John Gramlich |
Ministry of Justice |
Direction de
l'Administration Pénitentiaire -
Bureau des statistiques et des
études (SDME - Me5) |
Amanda
Y. Agan, Michael D. Makowsky |
E. Ann Carson |
Ames
Grawert, James Cullen The overall crime rate in the 30 largest cities in 2017 is estimated to decline slightly from the previous year, falling by 2.7 percent. If this trend holds, crime rates will remain near historic lows. The violent crime rate will also decrease slightly, by 1.1 percent, essentially remaining stable. Violent crime remains near the bottom of the nation’s 30-year downward trend. The 2017 murder rate in the 30 largest cities is estimated to decline by 5.6 percent. Large decreases this year in Chicago and Detroit, as well as small decreases in other cities, contributed to this decline. |
European
Union Agency for Law Enforcement
Cooperation (Europol) |
Eurostat |
#
Dipartimento
dell'Amministrazione
Penitenziaria, Inaugurazione Anno
Giudiziario 2018 |
ACLU
New Jersey # A Vision to End Mass Incarceration in New Jersey www.issuelab.org/ December 2017 The United States and New Jersey face a mass incarceration crisis. Although New Jersey has seen a recent decline in its incarcerated population, close to 35,000 people are still housed in its prisons and jails. In fact, despite the recent decline, the size of New Jersey's prison population increased by 278 percent between 1975 and 2015.hetey |
Florence De Bruyn,
Annie Kensey |
Observatoire
de la Récidive et de la Désistance |
Rachel E. Morgan,
Grace Kena |
William
H. Pryor, Jr., Rachel E. Barkow,
Charles R. Breyer, Danny C. Reeves,
Zachary C. Bolitho, J. Patricia Wilson
Smoot, Kenneth P. Cohen, Glenn R.
Schmit, Kim Steven Hunt, Kim Steven
Hunt, Billy Easley II, # The Effects of Aging on Recidivism Among Federal Offenders www.ussc.gov/ United States Sentencing Commission; December 2017 Older offenders were substantially less likely than younger offenders to recidivate following release. Over an eight-year follow-up period, 13.4 percent of offenders age 65 or older at the time of release were rearrested compared to 67.6 percent of offenders younger than age 21 at the time of release. The pattern was consistent across age groupings, and recidivism measured by rearrest, reconviction, and reincarceration declined as age increased. |
Andrew Bushnel |
Jessica
Jacobson, Catherine Heard, Helen Fair
| ICPR # Prison. Evidence of its use and over-use from around the world 2017 Institute for Criminal Policy Research Whether you would end up in prison is also affected by who you are. For example, Roma people make up around 40% of Hungary’s prison population, despite representing only 6% of the national population; and Indigenous people in Australia represent 27% of adult prisoners while making up around 2% of all adult Australians. Across the board, poor and marginalised communities are overrepresented in prisons. |
Dipartimento
Giustizia minorile e di comunità |
Cédric Mathiot |
Observatoire
de la récidive et de la désistance # Rapport Annuel 2017 www.justice.gouv.fr / 2017 La récidive et la désistance: notions distinctes, notions complexes. Celui qui récidive peut être sorti de la délinquance. Celui qui ne récidive pas peut ne pas être sorti de la délinquance. Contrairement à la récidive, la désistance (plus récente en France qu’à l’étranger) se définit d’une manière plus dynamique et processuelle. Une personne considérée comme récidiviste (du fait qu’elle soit condamnée à nouveau pour une infraction commise quelques mois auparavant) peut être sortie de la délinquance dans le sens où elle est maintenant « passée à autre chose », notamment en s’engageant dans une vie familiale ou dans un travail. A l’inverse, une personne considérée comme non-récidiviste n’est pas nécessairement sortie de la délinquance : elle peut continuer les activités délinquantes (et devenir plus performante) sans se faire arrêter par la police. |
HM Inspectorate of
Probation for England and Wales |
David
J. Harding, Jeffrey D. Morenoff, Anh
P. Nguyen, Shawn D. Bushway # Short- and long-term effects of imprisonment on future felony convictions and prison admissions http://www.pnas.org/ PNAS | October 17, 2017 | vol. 114 |no. 42 ... Being sentenced to prison rather than probation increases the probability of imprisonment in the first 3 years after release from prison by 18 percentage points among nonwhites and 19 percentage points among whites. Further results show that such effects are driven primarily by imprisonment for technical violations of community supervision rather than new felony convictions. This suggests that more stringent postprison parole supervision (relative to probation supervision) increases imprisonment through the detection and punishment of low-level offending or violation behavior... |
Prison Reform Trust |
PEW Charitable
Trusts |
Michela Finizio, # Ecco la mappa dei reati: 284 denunce ogni ora. Nel 2016 si conferma il calo generale dei delitti (7,4%), ilsole24ore.it/ 9 ottobre 2017 Maurizio Fiasco, # Alt al mercato speculativo della paura, ilsole24ore.it/ 9 ottobre 2017 |
Parlamento europeo
| 2014-2019 |
DAP Dipartimento Amministrazione Penitenziaria # Circolare
sull'organizzazione del circuito
detentivo speciale previsto
dall'art. 41 bis O.P. |
Federico Olivo |
Giacomo Di Gennaro,
Riccardo Marselli (a cura di) |
David
Roodman # The impacts of incarceration on crime Open Philanthropy Project, September 2017 My best estimate is that the best estimate of the impact of additional incarceration on crime in the United States today is zero. Incarceration can be thought of as affecting crime before, during, and after: before incarceration, in that stiffer sentences may deter offending; during, in that people inside prison cannot physically commit crime outside; and after, in that having been incarcerated may shift one’s chance of reoffending. The first is here called “deterrence,” the second “incapacitation,” and the third “aftereffects.” In short, incarceration’s “before” effect is mild or zero while the “after” cancels out the “during”. |
Giorgio Alleva www.istat.it/ Roma,
27 settembre 2017 |
United
States Government Accountability
Office (GAO) # Costs of Crime. Experts Report Challenges Estimating Costs and Suggest Improvements to Better Inform Policy Decisions www.gao.gov/ September 2017 |
Laura Jaitman (ed) |
Dipartimento
Giustizia minorile e di comunità |
Ronald D’Amico,
Christian Geckeler, Hui Kim |
Ames C. Grawert,
James Cullen | Brennan Center for
Justice |
ISTAT |
European Committee
for the Prevention of Torture and
Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or
Punishment (CPT) |
Maartje
van der Woude, Vanessa Barker, Joanne
van der Leun # Crimmigration in Europe European Journal of Criminology 2017, Vol. 14(1) Links between crime, security, migration and integration are far from new, but since the ‘asylum crisis’ of the 1990s they have become more established, resulting in a series of policy and legislative reforms targeting migrants in member states. These developments, which are now rapidly accelerating, seem to fit into the broader trend for which scholars have coined the term crimmigration, the growing merger of crime control and immigration control... |
Gianpiero Dalla
Zuanna, Alessandra Minello |
Prison Reform
Trust |
Roy
Walmsley | WPB | ICPR |
Parliamentary Ombudsman # Women in Prison. A thematic report about the conditions for female prisoners in Norway https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/ 2017 More than 200 women are held in Norwegian prisons at any time. This makes up 5.2 per cent of all inmates, which is somewhat above the average proportion of women in the total prison population in Europe. Globally, the number of women in prison has increased considerably over the past ten years, while it has remained relatively stable in Norway. |
Direction de
l'Administration Pénitentiaire # Statistique mensuelle des personnes écrouées et détenues en France www.justice.gouv.fr/ 1er août 2017 |
Senato
della Repubblica - Ufficio Valutazione
Impatto # Oltre le sbarre La questione carceraria e 10 anni di politiche di contrasto al sovraffollamento cronico www.senato.it/ Luglio 2017 |
Associazione
Antigone |
Colson Center for
Christian Worldview, the Ethics and
Religious Liberty Commission, the
National Association of
Evangelicals, and Prison Fellowship |
Don Stemen |
European Committee
for the Prevention of Torture and
Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or
Punishment (CPT) |
Frieder Dünkel |
David Crowe |
The Sentencing
Project |
Corrective
Services, Australia # Persons in Corrective Services http://www.abs.gov.au/ |
Giulia Mentasti, Quanto ai tipi di reato per i quali sono state pronunciate le condanne, al primo posto si collocano i reati connessi alle sostanze stupefacenti (18,7%), seguiti a breve distanza da furto (16,2%), omicidio (13,2%) e rapina (12,6%). Tra le informazioni più rilevanti, si segnalano: la durata media delle detenzioni, stabilizzata, come l’anno precedente, intorno ai sette mesi; il tasso medio di mortalità, che nel corso del 2014 è stato di 27 deceduti ogni 10.000 detenuti (un punto inferiore rispetto al precedente anno); tra le cause di morte, il suicidio è tuttora ampiamente presente, pur se in attenuazione rispetto al passato, con un tasso di 7,2 suicidi ogni 10.000 detenuti... |
Chris Mai, Ram
Subramanian |
Penal
Reform International |
Ashley
Nellis | The Sentencing Project # Still Life. America’s Increasing Use of Life and Long-Term Sentences www.sentencingproject.org/ May 2017 The number of people serving life sentences in U.S. prisons is at an all-time high. Nearly 162,000 people are serving a life sentence – one of every nine people in prison. An additional 44,311 individuals are serving “virtual life” sentences of 50 years or more. Incorporating this category of life sentence, the total population serving a life or virtual life sentence reached 206,268 in 2016. This represents 13.9 percent of the prison population, or one of every seven people behind bars. |
Associazione
Antigone |
Direction de
l'Administration Pénitentiaire |
Le Monde - Editorial |
Par M. Philippe Bas,
Président-rapporteur, Mme Esther
Benbassa, MM. Jacques Bigot,
François-Noël Buffet, Mme Cécile
Cukierman, MM. Jacques Mezard et
François Zocchetto, Sénateurs # Cinq ans pour sauver la justice! Rapport d'Information Fait au nom de la commission des lois constitutionnelles, de législation, du suffrage universel, du Règlement et d’administration générale par la mission d’information sur le redressement de la justice https://www.senat.fr/ 4 avril 2017 |
European
Committee for the Prevention of
Torture and Inhuman or Degrading
Treatment or Punishment # 26th General Report of the CPT. 1 January - 31 December 2016 Council of Europe, April 2017 |
Senato della
Repubblic a |
Zoé
Lauwereys |
Miikka Vuorela # The historical criminal statistics of Finland 1842–2015 – a systematic comparison to Sweden International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, March 2017 The purpose of the study is to illustrate the availability and significance of the long criminal justice time series in the Nordic countries and describe the long-term trends in crime and crime control in Finland and Sweden. As such, the article attempts to provide an overview of the Finnish criminality and control policy during the past 200 years. Due to the nature of the research questions, the following analysis will be a macro-level introduction to the trends in crime and criminal policy and their existing explanations. The article forms a part of a larger project aiming to the collection of available criminal justice statistics in the Nordic countries (excluding Iceland)... |
Laurette Cretin, Odile
Timbart, Maël Löwenbrück # Une approche individualisée de la multi condamnation Infostat Justice, n. 151, Mars 2017 Sur l’ensemble des personnes condamnées entre 2005 et 2014, 58 % ne présentent qu’une seule condamnation (mono condamnés) alors que 42 % en affichent plusieurs (multi condamnés). Parmi ces multi condamnés, les trois quarts ont deux, trois ou quatre condamnations (respectivement 43 %, 20 % et 12 %)... |
Le
Contrôleur général des lieux de
privation de liberté | Adeline
Hazan |
Garante Nazionale
dei diritti delle persone detenute o
private della libertà personale |
Mark
Motivans # Federal Justice Statistics, 2013 -Statistical Tables Bureau of Justice Statistics, March 2017 |
Peter Wagner,
Bernadette Rabuy |
Julie Reitano -
Canadian Centre for Justice
Statistics In 2015/2016, there were on average 120,568 adult offenders on a given day, in either custody or in a community program among the 11 reporting provinces and territories for which both custody and community data were available. This represents a rate of 438 offenders per 100,000 adult population, a decrease of 3% from the previous year and a decline of 16% compared to 2011/2012. In contrast, the number of adults charged with a crime by police in Canada increased 3% between 2014 and 2015. However, between 2011 and 2015, there was a 1% decline in the number of adults charged. A large majority of adults (80%) under correctional supervision in the provinces and territories in 2015/2016 were under community supervision such as probation and conditional sentences. The remaining 20% were in custody. |
Aaron Chalfin,
Justin McCrary |
David Cole |
Office for National
Statistics # Focus on violent crime and sexual offences, England and Wales: year ending Mar 2016. www.ons.gov.uk/ Release 9 February 2017 Females were victims in 53% of violence against the person offences and 90% of rape offences recorded by the police. Over a third (35%) of violence against the person offences against females were suspected to be committed by an intimate partner, compared with 10% of violent offences against males. Of violence against the person offences recorded by the police, 16% were identified as alcohol-related, as were 9% of sexual offences. |
Council
of Europe # Europe’s prison population falls, but there is no progress in tackling overcrowding, says annual Council of Europe survey Press release - DC031(2017) # SPACE I: report # SPACE II: report |
Demos
& Pi e Osservatorio di Pavia per
Fondazione Unipolis # L’Europa sospesa tra inquietudine e speranza. Il decennio dell’incertezza globale. Rapporto sulla sicurezza e l’insicurezza sociale in Italia e in Europa. Significati, immagini e realtà. Percezione, rappresentazione sociale e mediatica della sicurezza www.demos.it/ Febbraio 2017 |
Massimo De Pascalis Anche se sono state introdotte procedure per monitorare e garantire la fruibilità dello spazio minimo tollerabile determinato dalla Cedu, non possiamo non riconoscere che le politiche penitenziarie messe in campo stanno riproducendo gli stessi effetti che nella storia penitenziaria sono seguiti ad ogni indulto: al repentino abbassamento della popolazione detenuta segue un costante e progressivo aumento che ripropone sempre le stesse criticità di Sistema. Sovraffollamento, promiscuità, violazione dei diritti umani, precarie condizioni igienico sanitarie degli istituti, conflittualità diffuse... |
Dan Bilefsky |
Roberto Cornelli,
Oriana Binik, Massimiliano Dova,
Annalisa Zamburlini |
Rosa
Raffaelli | European Parliament -
Civil Liberties # Prison conditions in the Member States: selected European standards and best practices www.europarl.europa.eu/ January 2017 In 2014, prisons across the EU were holding over half a million inmates, including both convicted persons, serving their final sentence, and persons accused of a crime. Living conditions in prisons are regulated by numerous laws and guidelines: from constitutional provisions to national criminal and penitentiary laws and international law principles. Relevant human rights provisions include, in particular, those protecting the right to personal liberty and clarifying the grounds on which it may be restricted (for instance Art. 5, ECHR; Art. 6, EU Charter of Fundamental Rights), and those prohibiting torture and other forms of inhumane and degrading treatment or punishment (Art. 3, ECHR; Art. 4, EU Charter). |
Fabio
Bartolomeo, Magda Bianco (eds) |
Ministero della Giustizia -
ItaliaDecide # La performance del sistema giudiziaria italiano. Un confronto con i principali sistemi giudiziari europei www.italiadecide.it/ gennaio 2017 |
Giovanni Canzio - Primo Presidente Corte Suprema di Cassazione # Relazione sull’amministrazione della giustizia nell’anno 2016 Roma, 26 gennaio 2017 Pasquale Ciccolo - Procuratore generale della Corte suprema di cassazione, # Intervento nell’Assemblea generale della Corte sull’amministrazione della giustizia nell’anno 2016, Roma, 26 gennaio 2017 Marina Anna Tavassi Presidente della Corte di Appello di Milano, # Relazione sull’amministrazione della giustizia nel Distretto della Corte di Appello di Milano, Assemblea Generale – Milano, 28 gennaio 2017 |
Ministero della Giustizia - Dipartimento dell'Amministrazione Penitenziaria #
Relazione
del Ministero
sull’amministrazione della
giustizia anno 2016.
Inaugurazione dell’Anno
Giudiziario 2017 Ministero della
Giustizia - Dipartimento per la
giustizia minorile e di comunità |
Observatoire
International des Prisons O.I.P. –
Section Belge Le 7 août 2015, les détenus étaient 10.946. En 2014, on comptait 11.769 détenus, et en 2013, 11.732 détenus. La diminution de la population carcérale (qui n’est pas constante) nous parait s’expliquer essentiellemen par l’ouverture d’un hôpital pour internés (partenariat public/privé, environ 200 places) mais surtout par l’augmentation toujours constante des personnes placées sous surveillance électronique. Ils étaient 1.887 en moyenne par jour en 2015, pour 1.071 en 2013 ou encore 1.807 en 2014 (142 en 2001!). Le 7 mars 2016, le nombre de détenus en prison étaient de 11062. Il était de 10250 en octobre 2016... |
Ministère
de l'Intérieur # Insécurité et délinquance en 2016: premier bilan statistique www.interieur.gouv.fr/ Janvier 2017 |
Eileen
Baldry, Sophie Russell # The Booming Industry continued: Australian Prisons. A 2017 update www.disabilityjustice.edu.au/ 17 january 2017 There were 38,845 full time inmates (sentenced and unsentenced) in prisons in Australia on census date 30th June 2016, a rise of 6% over the previous year (ABS 2016). The most useful method of representing and comparing the number of prisoners over time is the rate per 100,000 of the adult population. Using this representation, the rate was 208 prisoners per 100,000 in 2015 (388 per 100,000 males and 33 per 100,000 females), an increase from 30 June 2004 when it was 159 per 100,000... |
François-Xavier
Gomez |
Rachel Kleinfeld |
European
Court of Human Rights # Annual Report. 2016 Provisional version www.echr.coe.int/ 2017 |
E. Ann Carson,
Elizabeth Anderson |
Jeremy Travis,
Preeti Chauhan, Ervin M. Balazon,
Shannon Tomascak, Celina Cuevas,
Olive Lu, Quinn O. Hood, Todd
Warner, Adam G. Fera |
James Austin,
Lauren-Brooke Eisen, James Cullen,
Jonathan Frank, Inimai Chettiar |
Brennan Center for Justice |
Danielle Kaeble,
Lauren Glaze |
Jamiles
Lartey # Quarter of inmates could have been spared prison without risk, study says www.theguardian.com/ Sun 11 Dec 2016 Study of 1.5 million prisoners finds that drug treatment, community service, probation or fines would have served as more effective sentences for many... A quarter of the US prison population, about 364,000 inmates, could have been spared imprisonment without meaningfully threatening public safety or increasing crime, according to a new study. |
The Sentencing
Project |
Matthew Friedman,
Ames Grawert, James Cullen | Brenna
Center for Justice Crime: The overall crime rate in 2016 is projected to remain the same as in 2015, rising by 1.3 percent. Twelve cities are expected to see drops in crime. These decreases are offset by Chicago (rising 9.1 percent) and Charlotte (17.5 percent). Nationally, crime remains at an all-time low. • Violence: The violent crime rate is projected to rise slightly, by 5.5 percent, with half the increase driven by Los Angeles (up 13.3 percent†) and Chicago (up 16.2 percent†). Even so, violent crime remains near the bottom of the nation’s 30-year downward trend. • Murder: The murder rate is projected to rise by 13.1 percent this year, with nearly half of this increase attributable to Chicago alone (234 of 496 murders)... |
Australian Bureau
of Statistics |
Benjamin Monnery |
The Commonwealth of
Massachusetts
Wendy Sawyer
#
Punishing
Poverty: The high cost of
probation fees in Massachusetts,
www.prisonpolicy.org/ December 8,
2016 |
James
Austin, Gregory D. Squires # The ‘Startling’ Link Between Low Interest Rates and Low Crime https://thecrimereport.org/ December 6, 2016 When interest rates go up, crime goes up. When interest rates go down, crime goes down... Crime rates are linked to social and economic pressures and structures. That is, they reflect and reinforce various social phenomena that are not subject simply to the choices that individuals make. Access to well-paying jobs, decent and affordable housing, adequate education, public transportation, healthy food, guaranteed health care, smaller and planned families are all factors that reduce stress. Interest rates constitute one of the best predictors of crime rates. |
Raffaella
Sette |
Daniel P. Mears, Joshua C. Cochran,
William D. Bales, Avinash S. Bhat |
Rebecca
Stone # Desistance and Identity Repair: Redemption Narratives as Resistance to Stigma Brit. J. Criminol., 56, 956-975, 2016 Recent research has examined the role of the narrative construction of identity in desistance from criminal offending and substance use. The narrative identity theory of desistance was developed with a population of male offenders. The present analysis explores the applicability of the theory to a sample of substance-using pregnant women and mothers, a highly stigmatized and increasingly criminalized group. The analysis of in-depth interview data reveals that desisting women constructed narrative identities that emphasized their moral agency and resisted the stigmatizing discourse surrounding substance-using mothers. The results support the narrative identity theory of desistance by demonstrating its applicability to a population for which the theory was not specifically designed and have implications for future research on identity theories of desistance as well as offender supervision practices. |
Todd D. Minton, Zhen Zeng |
Danielle Kaeble and Thomas P.
Bonczar |
Illinois
State Commission on Criminal Justice and
Sentencing Reform # Final Report (parts I & II) www.icjia.state.il.us/ December 2016 While criminal punishment generally has a broad deterrent effect, research does not support the assumption that increasing prison sentences is an effective or efficient way to increase deterrence, particularly if sentences are already lengthy.27 Research also suggests that high rates of incarceration can weaken deterrence by making the experience of incarceration more common. This is particularly problematic for communities that experience both high levels of crime and incarceration. The risk to public safety is that when potential offenders see prison as a normal experience, the threat of incarceration has less power to deter |
Dipartimento Politiche Antidroga |
John Attard |
Ministry
of Justice # Prison Safety and Reform www.gov.uk/government/publications/ November 2016 Almost everyone we lock up will one day be released back into our communities. However, once released too many prisoners will go on to reoffend. Currently, almost half of all prisoners are reconvicted within a year of release. The cost of reoffending by former prisoners is estimated to be up to £15 billion a year. n 2010 the National Audit Office estimated the cost to the economy of re-offending of those released from custody to be between £9 billion to £13.5 billion. We have subsequently uprated this figure to up to £15 billion to reflect 2016 prices... |
Istat |
OSSIF - Associazione Bancaria
Italiana ABI Sulla base dei dati operativi del Dipartimento di Pubblica Sicurezza del Ministero dell’Interno, le rapine denunciate in Italia nel corso del 2015 sono state 34.9571, pari ad un decremento del 10,9% rispetto al 2014. Il dato conferma il calo dei reati che già aveva caratterizzato lo scorso anno (-10,3% rispetto al 2013)... |
Associazione
Openpolis # Dentro o fuori. Il sistema penitenziario italiano tra vita in carcere e reinserimento sociale www.openpolis.it/ N. 9 novembre 2016 |
Senato
della Repubblica - Commissione straordinaria per
la tutela e la promozione dei diritti umani # Audizione del Garante nazionale dei diritti delle persone detenute o private della libertà personale www.senato.it/ Resoconto sommario n. 105 del 08/11/2016 Mauro PALMA tra le criticità da segnala i trasferimenti dei detenuti poiché spesso non viene meno la continuità dei percorsi e dell'osservazione della persona detenuta... Emilia ROSSI, segnala gli aspetti sanitari, quelli del lavoro e le attività di socializzazione... che anche la gestione dei malati psichiatrici nelle carceri rappresenta una forte criticità poiché, ad esempio, i protocolli con le ASL non sempre vengono applicati. |
Dipartimento
dell'Amministrazione Penitenziaria # Eventi critici negli Istituti Penitenziari - Anno 2015 www.giustizia.it/ novembre 2016 |
Giovanni Torrente |
Jennifer L. Truman, Rachel E. Morgan |
Nicolas Bocquet Au 1er août 2016... 68 819 incarcérés pour un total de condamnées de 80 023 (11 204 non détenus : en surveillance électronique ou en placements extérieurs). Trop souvent pointée du doigt pour la surpopulation de ses prisons, en mars un rapport du Conseil de l’Europe plaçait la France en 7e position des pires pays européens. Les chiffres sont alarmants puisque que la moyenne de densité nationale est de 117,6% (différence entre la capacité et le nombre de détenus), soit 10 312 détenus en trop. Les données nous indiquent même, très officiellement, que les maisons d’arrêts françaises proposent 1 515 matelas au sol (soit une progression de 56% par rapport à 2015). La question se pose alors, où dorment les 8 797 détenus restants ? |
Il Ministro della Giustizia # Atto d'indirizzo politico-istituzionale per l'anno 2017 www.giustizia.it/ 28 settembre 2016 | on line 13 ottobre 2016 |
Andrea Baiguera Altieri In buona sostanza, è controproducente creare o tentare di creare una società criminologicamente asettica, nella quale sia eliminata ogni minima forma di infrazione. L’ ossessione della repressione penale non tiene conto delle componenti etiche ed antropologiche delle devianze, che spesso non sono reati veri e propri, bensì gesti esasperati di rabbia, dolore e disperazione culturale ed interiore. |
Philippe
Robert # Les paradoxes de la récidive http://journals.openedition.org/ Criminocorpus. Revue d'Histoire de la justice, des crimes et des peines, 2016 Toutes les études s’accordent pour constater que la fréquence et la rapidité de la récidive s’effondrent après 25-30 ans. Quand on parle de “carrière” délinquante, on imagine facilement qu’elle dure toute la vie. C’est, en fait, rare. Stephen Farrall parle d’une des rares certitudes de la recherche : statistiquement, la délinquance se concentre de manière disproportionnée sur deux décennies de la vie, entre dix et trente ans, avec un sommet vers la fin de la première. Est-ce à dire que l’adulte fait devient plus capable d’échapper à la perspicacité des institutions pénales ou que la délinquance concerne surtout une brève période de l’existence ? Seul le recours à des données extra-pénales – comme des enquêtes déclaratives de délinquance autoreportée – pourrait trancher entre ces deux acceptions. |
Observatoire
international des prisons # Construction de prisons: droit dans le mur https://oip.org/ Conférence de presse 20/09/2016 |
Ministero dell'Interno |
Ministère de la Justice - Direction de
l'Administration Pénitentiaire |
Illinois
Sentencing Policy Advisory Council # Illinois Results First. A Cost-Benefit Tool for Illinois Criminal Justice Policymakers www.icjia.state.il.us/ Summer 2016 Programs that reduce the risk that individuals released from prison will commit additional crimes create measureable outcomes in terms of less victimization, lower government costs, and other economic benefits. The critical question for policymakers is: Do the benefits of a program outweigh the costs? |
California
Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation # 2015 Outcome Evaluation Report. An Examination of Offenders Released in Fiscal Year 2010-11 http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/ August 2016 Between July 1, 2010 and June 30, 2011 (Fiscal Year 2010-11), 95,690 offenders were released from a California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) adult institution and tracked for three years following the date of their release. The three-year return to prison rate for the 95,690 offenders who comprise the Fiscal Year 2010-11 release cohort is 44.6 percent, which is a 9.7 percentage point decrease from the Fiscal Year 2009-10 rate of 54.3 percent. Fiscal Year 2010-11 marks the fifth consecutive year the three-year return-to-prison rate has declined and is the most substantial decrease to-date |
Department
of Corrections and Rehabilitation State of
California # Monthly Report of Population As of Midnight July 31, 2016 www.cdcr.ca.gov/ August 1, 2016 |
Ministry of Justice - Offender Management
Statistics Bulletin, England and Wales www.gov.uk/ 28 July 2016 |
Prison Reform Trust |
Best, David, Irving, James and
Abertson, Katherine Desistance has been defined as a process involving 'the long term abstinence from criminal behaviour among those for whom offending had become a pattern of behaviour'. Desistance originated as a central component of life-course and criminal career criminology... Pathways out of offending, through attachment to stable employment, romantic, family relationships and the associated social status afforded to those persons transitioning from offending generated a new approach based on the mediating effects of informal social controls, social processes and social bonds... |
U.S. Department of Education, Policy
and Program Studies Service |
James Austin, Lauren-Brooke Eisen,
James Cullen, Jonathan Frank |
Andrew
Coyle, Catherine Heard, Helen Fair # Current trends and practices in the use of imprisonment International Review of the Red Cross (2016), 98 (3), 761–781. Today, there are well over 10 million prisoners worldwide, of whom around half are in the United States, China, Russia and Brazil. The number is likely to be closer to 11 million, given that the World Prison Brief (a) holds no prisoner statistics for Eritrea, North Korea or Somalia, because of the difficulty of accessing data on these States, and (b) holds no data on some States’ remand or pretrial detainees – most significantly China’s – as these data are not published. This estimated 10 to 11 million does not include people detained in police or other administrative detention where there has been no formal decision to chargeor prosecute. |
Antigone |
Adam Taylor # The Netherlands has a strange problem: Empty prisons The Washington Post, July 8, 2016 |
Grahame Allen, Noel Dempsey |
European
Commission for the Efficiency of Justice |
Cepej # European judicial systems Efficiency and quality of justice www.coe.int/ CEPEJ Studies No. 23 Edition 2016 (2014 data) |
European
Committee on Crime Problems (CDPC) |
Directorate General Human Rights and Rule of
Law # White paper on prison overcrowding. www.coe.int/ Strasbourg, 30 June 2016 |
Joshua A. Markman, Matthew R.
Durose, Ramona R. Rantala, Andrew D. Tiedt |
Washington State Institute for Public
Policy
# Adult Criminal Justice, may 2015 # What Works and What Does Not? Benefit-Cost Findings from WSIPP, February 2015 |
Washington State Institute for Public
Policy |
U.S. Department of Justice - Office of
Justice Programs - Bureau of Justice Statistics |
Osservatorio europeo delle droghe e
delle tossicodipendenze (EMCDDA) |
Franco
Corleone, Stefano Anastasia, Leonardo Fiorentini (a
cura di) # 7° Libro Bianco sulla legge sulle droghe. Dopo UNGASS 2016. Un anno di cambiamento nel mondo. Proposte per superare lo stallo in Italia, in Parlamento e nel Paese # ... in pillole La società della ragione - Forum Droghe - Antigone - CNCA | Collaborazione: CGIL, Comunità di San Benedetto al Porto, Gruppo Abele, Itaca, ITARDD, LegaCoopSociali, LILA, Associazione Luca Coscioni | Prima edizione - Giugno 2016 |
Marzio Barbagli # Sempre meno omicidi in Italia www.lavoce.info/ 24giugno 2016 .... Il tasso più basso di sempre... Il numero di omicidi commessi nel nostro paese scende costantemente da 24 anni. Un cambiamento importante che dovrebbe rimettere in discussione idee molto diffuse sulla violenza nella società italiana, l’influenza della lunga crisi economica e il divario Nord-Sud. L’affermazione dello Stato |
Dipartimento Giustizia minorile e di
comunità | Maria Stefania Totaro, Viviana Condrò,
Monica Nolfo, Irene Pergolini |
E. Ann Carson, William J. Sabol |
Fair Trials Within the European Union, there are over 120,000 people being detained in pre-trial detention. That’s more than 1 in 5 people held in prison that haven’t yet been found guilty of any crime... |
Ministero della Giustizia #
Allegato A: La
prescrizione nei distretti |
European Committee for the Prevention of
Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or
Punishment CPT |
Comité interministériel de prévention de la
délinquance |
Jason Furman |
Sandeep
Gopalan, Mirko Bagaric # Progressive Alternatives to Imprisonment in an Increasingly Punitive (and Self-Defeating) Society Seattle University Law Review, vol. 40:57, 2016 |
Bureau of Justice Statistics | Zhen Zeng, Margaret Noonan, E. Ann Carson, Ingrid Binswanger, Patrick Blatchford, Hope Smiley-McDonald, Chris Ellis # Assessing Inmate Cause of Death: Deaths in Custody Reporting Program and National Death Index www.bjs.gov/ April 2016 The Deaths in Custody Reporting Program (DCRP) is an annual Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) data collection. The DCRP collects national, state, and incident-level data on persons who died while in the physical custody of the 50 state departments of corrections or the approximately 2,800 local adult jail jurisdictions nationwide. The DCRP began in 2000 under the Death in Custody Reporting Act of 2000 (P.L. 106-297), and it is the only national statistical collection to obtain comprehensive information about deaths in adult correctional facilities. BJS uses DCRP data to track national trends in the number and causes (or manners) of deaths occurring in state prison or local jail custody. |
Stefano
Cinotti, Beatrice Lippi, Salvatore Nasca, Susanna
Rollino # La messa alla prova in Toscana: analisi statistica dalla sua emanazione ad oggi Uepe Toscana - Aprile 2016 |
Antigone - Per i diritti e le garanzie nel
sistema penale |
Senato della Repubblica - Commissione
straordinaria per la tutela e la promozione dei
diritti umani |
Texas Department of Criminal Justice |
Executive Office of the President of the
United States To weigh the relative crime-reducing benefits of different policies, CEA conducted a “back-of-the-envelope” cost-benefit analysis of three policies: increasing the prison population, expanding the police force, and raising the minimum wage... In assessing each of these policy changes we bound the policy’s impact on crime drawing on estimates from leading studies. For the social cost of crime, we use a central estimate from the literature of $33,000 per crime, which subsumes the varying costs of different types of crime but facilitates straightforward and transparent calculations. |
Julio César
Magàn Zevallos # Overcrowding in the Peruvian prison system International Review of the Red Cross (2016), 98 (3), 851–858. The prison population grew by almost 30,000 people in less than five years, a 60.9% increase. In other words, during this period the Peruvian prison system has had to accommodate 6,000 additional inmates each year. Although prison capacity has also increased over the same period, it has not expanded at the same rate as the prison population; the percentage difference amounts to 128%, according to data from the Unit of Statistics at the Peruvian National Penitentiary Institute (Instituto Nacional Penitenciario, INPE).1 Just to maintain overcrowding at a stable level, the prison service would have to build a new 500-bed prison every month. |
Emilio Dolcini |
Martine
Herzog-Evans # Law as an extrinsic responsivity factor: What’s just is what works! European Journal of Probation, Vol. 8(3), 2016 |
United States Sentencing Commission | Patti
B. Saris, Charles R. Breyer, Dabney L. Friedrich,
Rachel E. Barkow, William H. Pryor, Michelle
Morales, J. Patricia Wilson Smoot, Kenneth P. Cohen,
Glenn R. Schmit |
Mia Bird, Sonya Tafoya, Ryken Grattet, Viet
Nguyen |
Frieder Dünkel # The Rise and Fall of Prison Population Rates in Europe European Society of Criminology, Nesletter, 2016/2 ... And there is a great deal of uncertainty about future developments: the refugee problem could lead to a new wave of incarceration and the moderate crime policy development in some countries, such as Germany, could be reversed by terrorist acts and influence the penal climate... |
Direzione Nazionale Antimafia e
Antiterrorismo |
Andrea Orlando # Comunicazioni del guardasigilli sull’amministrazione della giustizia - www.giustizia.it/ Roma, Camera dei Deputati - mercoledì 20 gennaio 2016 |
DAP Dipartimento Amministrazione Penitenziaria # Situazione al 31 dicembre 2015 www.giustizia.it/ Statistiche Detenuti presenti e capienza regolamentare degli istituti penitenziari per regione di detenzione - Detenuti presenti per posizione giuridica - Detenuti per classi di età - Tipologia di reato - Detenuti presenti e capienza regolamentare degli istituti penitenziari - Detenuti presenti condannati per pena inflitta e per pena residua - Misure alternative, lavoro di pubblica utilità, misure di sicurezza, sanzioni messa alla prova - Permessi premio concessi ai detenuti - Detenuti presenti stranieri per area geografica - Detenuti presenti per titolo di studio - Detenuti presenti per numero di figli - Detenuti presenti per regione di nascita - Detenuti presenti per regione di residenza |
Kamala D. Harris | Attorney General
California Department of JustiCe |
Istat |
Marcelo F. Aebi, Mélanie M. Tiago,
Christine Burkhardt |
Grazia Parisi,
Gennaro Santoro, Alessio Scandurra # La custodia cautelare: analisi delle misure alternative e del processo decisionale dell’autorità giudiziaria in Italia Dicembre 2015 |
Robert E. Fay, Mamadou Diallo |
Margaret Noonan, Ingrid A. Binswanger,
Patrick J. Blatchford, Hope Smiley-McDonald, Chris
Ellis |
European
Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or
Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) # Living space per prisoner in prison establishments: CPT standards Strasbourg, 15 December 2015 The CPT’s basic minimum standard for personal living space in prison establishments is: | 6m² of living space for a single-occupancy cell + sanitary facility | 4m² of living space per prisoner in a multiple-occupancy cell + fully-partitioned sanitary facility | at least 2m between the walls of the cell | at least 2.5m between the floor and the ceiling of the cell |
William D. Bales,
Catie Clark, Samuel Scaggs, David Ensley, Philip Coltharp,
Alexa Singer, Thomas G. Blomberg # An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Prison Work Release Programs on Post-Release Recidivism and Employment www.ncjrs.gov/ December 1, 2015 The Florida Department of Corrections (FDC) reports that 27% or nearly 1 in 3 inmates released from a Florida prison returns to custody within three years of release. The state of Florida spends an average of 2.1 billion dollars per year on corrections costs (FDC, 2013a). With a large number of inmates being rearrested after release from prison and the additional burden of high correctional costs, it is important to identify options that both reduce recidivism and lower correctional budget expenditures. |
Todd
D. Minton, Scott Ginder, Susan M. Brumbaugh, Hope
Smiley-McDonald, Harley Rohloff | Bureau of Justice
Statistics From 1999 to 2013, the number of inmates in local jails increased by 21%, from 605,943 to 731,570. During this period, the growth in the jail population was not steady, as the jail confined population peaked in 2008 at 785,533 then declined to its 2013 level. |
Ministère
de la Justice | Direction de l'Administration
Pénitentiaire |
House
of Commons Justice Committee |
Scott Graves # Corrections Spending Through the State Budget Since 2007-08: Still High Despite Recent Reforms California Budget & Policy Center, November 2015 California has substantially reduced the numbers of incarcerated adults and parolees from their peak levels in 2007. The number of adults incarcerated in state prisons or other facilities, which stood at 173,312 in mid-2007, fell to 128,900 by mid-2015, a nearly 26 percent reduction. The number of adults on parole – people who are under the supervision of state parole agents following release from prison – registered an even steeper decline, falling from 126,330 in mid-2007 to 45,473 in mid- 2015, a drop of 64 percent. |
Danielle Kaeble, Laura M.
Maruschak, Thomas P. Bonczar | Bureau
of Justice Statistics |
Shelley Hyland, Ph.D.,
Lynn Langton, Ph.D., Elizabeth Davis
| Bureau of
Justice Statistics |
The
Sentencing Project # Fewer Prisoners, Less Crime: A Tale of Three States http://sentencingproject.org/ November 2015 Although the pace of criminal justice reform has accelerated at both the federal and state levels in the past decade, current initiatives have had only a modest effect on the size of the prison population. But over this period, three states – New York, New Jersey, and California – have achieved prison population reductions in the range of 25%. They have also seen their crime rates generally decline at a faster pace than the national average. |
Heather M. Harris |
César Muñoz |
Sam Taxy, Julie Samuels,
and William Adams | Bureau of Justice
Statistics |
Stanford Law School Since the enactment of Proposition 47 on November 14, 2014, the number of people incarcerated in California’s prisons and jails has decreased by approximately 13,000 inmates, helping alleviate crowding conditions in those institutions. Proposition 47 has also reduced the number of jail inmates released from custody early due to overcrowding and should generate over $150 million in state savings this fiscal year. County governments stand to save even more money: over $200 million annually, in aggregate. |
Corte dei Conti - Sezione
centrale di controllo sulla gestione
delle Amministrazioni dello Stato Rispetto ai 462,769 ml assegnati nel periodo 2010-2014 appena 52,374 ml (l’11,32 per cento circa) risultano essere stati spesi. La differenza, di 410,395 ml, è stata rimessa... In ordine ai nuovi posti detentivi che avrebbero dovuto essere resi disponibili, si evidenza che i nuovi posti creati con i vari interventi immobiliari dei Commissari sono stati, alla fine del 2014, soltanto n. 4.415, molti di meno (il 37 per cento), dunque, rispetto alle menzionate previsioni corrette di n. 11.934, che dovrebbero raggiungere poi, entro il 2016, con successive ultimazioni di n. 1.768 posti, il totale di n. 6.183 (pari al 51,81 per cento delle suddette previsioni). E’ da ritenere che la messa a disposizione dei residui n. 5.751 posti potrebbe essere assicurata solo a partire dal 2017-2018. |
Social News |
E. Ann Carson |
Sandra
Susan Smith # Recidivism, Desistance, and Reentry: A Brief Review of the Literature Department of Sociology | University of California-Berkeley, 2015 Whereas recidivism is the continuation of offending post sanction, desistance is now commonly conceptualized as the causal process by which criminal or deviant behavior stops. Empirically, however, desistance is typically measured as the failure to engage in criminal behavior, or the state of not offending, usually after a three-year period. But because desistance is a process and not a discrete event, it is best measured using longitudinal data that charts a gradual decline in criminal involvement. |
Lucia Dalla Pellegrina,
Margherita Saraceno |
Marwan Mohammed Toutefois, dans de nombreuses recherches, il est possible de repérer un certain nombre de processus favorables à la désistance. Le premier facteur explicatif étant l’âge. Nous savons qu’hormis les jeunes souffrant de troubles spécifiques, les conduites transgressives s’affirment à la préadolescence, s’intensifientnsuite pour atteindre un pic vers 15-17 ans (selon les territoires nationaux), se maintiennent à un niveau élevé jusqu’au tournant de la vingtaine avant de décroître... Dans nos sociétés salariales, l’occupation d’un emploi stable et satisfaisant est essentielle à la pérennisation de la désistance. Sortir d’une carrière délinquante s’effectue au regard d’un double mouvement, d’une dialectique entre l’usure (pression judiciaire, peines familiales, coûts psychologiques, humains, financiers, etc.) que provoquent de telles conduites et l’ouverture sociale, c’est-à-dire la possibilité de se projeter vers un statut social acceptable. |
Magnus Lofstrom, Brandon
Martin |
Caroline Touraut, www.justice.gouv.fr/ 14 et 15 décembre 2015 |
Oliver Roeder, Lauren-Brooke
Eisen, Julia Bowling (Foreword by
Joseph E. Stiglitz) |
Dipartimento Amministrazione Penitenzaria
# Misure
alternative alla detenzione - I
Semestre 2015 : 30 giugno 2015 www.giustizia.it/ 4 settembre 2015 |
Gustavo Robles, Gabriela
Calderon, Beatriz Magaloni |
Lila Kazemian |
Illinois
Sentencing Policy Advisory Council # Illinois Results First. The High Cost of Recidivism www.icjia.state.il.us/ Summer 2015 If recidivism reduction strategies are successful, the savings generated become available for other uses—including more investment in programs that work within the criminal justice system, social service interventions that reduce the risk of future criminal behavior, and reentry programs for offenders returning to the community—that reduce the number of victimizations going forward. If recidivism is not addressed using research and cost-benefit analysis, the people of Illinois will continue to pay the high cost of maintaining the status quo |
Ministero della
Giustizia - Dipartimento per la giustizia
Minorile # La
sospensione del processo e messa alla
prova (art. 28 D.P.R. 448/88) - Anno
2014 |
Ministère
de la Justice | Direction de
l'Administration Pénitentiaire # Statistique mensuelle des personnes écrouées et détenues en France www.justice.gouv.fr/ Situation au 1er juillet 2015 |
Ministero dell'Interno |
Antigone in Carcere
# Venti
proposte... |
HM Chief Inspector of Prisons for
England and Wales www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/ Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed on 14 July 2015 You were more likely to die in prison than five years ago. More prisoners were murdered, killed themselves, self-harmed and were victims of assaults than five years ago. There were more serious assaults and the number of assaults and serious assaults against staff also rose... Most deaths were from natural causes and the increase can, to some extent, be explained by the aging prison population. However, taking into account differences in age and gender, the mortality rate in prison remained significantly higher than that of the general population. |
Ministero della Giustizia | Dipartimento Amministrazione Penitenziaria 1° Luglio 2015 |
Gobierno de España | Ministerio
del Interior |
Stephen
Farrall, Fergus McNeill # Desistance Research and Criminal Justice Social Work www.cep-probation.org/ 2015 |
The Economist |
Australian Crime Commission # The Costs of Serious and Organised Crime in Australia 2013-14. Methodological Approach www.acic.gov.au/ Commonwealth of Australia 2015 # Infographic... # Chris Dawson... ... includes, in its ‘Costs as a consequence of crime’ section, some elements that would have been considered quite ‘third-order’ impacts in early attempts to measure the costs of crime. Along with ‘traditional’ elements such as property losses and medical and mental health care costs, they include victims’ productivity losses, household services, lost school days, pain and suffering and lost quality of life, victim support services, tort claim expenses and ‘long-term consequences.’ ... |
Seena
Fazel, Achim Wolf |
Fondazione David
Hume | A cura di Rossana Cima e Luca
Ricolfi e con i contributi di Dario
Di Pierro, Riccardo De Caria,
Caterina Guidoni e Barbara Loera |
ISTAT |
United
States Government Accountability Office # Justice Could Better Measure Progress Addressing Incarceration Challenges www.gao.gov/ June 2015 Department of Justice (DOJ) has implemented three key initiatives to address the federal incarceration challenges of overcrowding, rising costs, and offender recidivism, which includes the return of offenders to prison after release. The Smart on Crime Initiative involves multiple DOJ components and has five key goals, one of which involves prioritizing the prosecution of the most seriouscases... DOJ’s Smart on Crime Initiative, new Clemency Initiative, and BOP’s RSD are positive steps in addressing long-standing federal incarceration challenges, and DOJ has taken some initial steps to measure its efforts in these areas. |
Prison
Reform Trust # Why focus on reducing women’s imprisonment? http://www.prisonreformtrust.org.uk/ 2015 Women in prison are highly likely to be victims as well as offenders. More than half (53%) report having experienced emotional, physical or sexual abuse as a child, compared to 27% of men. A similar proportion report having been victims of domestic violence. Both figures are likely to be an under-estimate. Women can become trapped in a vicious cycle of victimisation and criminal activity. Their situation can be worsened by poverty, substance dependency or poor mental health. Leaving the relationship doesn’t guarantee that domestic violence will stop. The period when a woman is planning or making her exit is often the most dangerous time for her and her children. |
European Monitoring Centre for
Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) |
Ministero della Giustizia -
Dipartimento per la giustizia Minorile |
Prison Reform Trust |
Ragnar Kristoffersen |
Christian Henrichson, Joshua
Rinaldi, Ruth Delaney | VERA Institute of
Justice |
J.
Richard Couzens, Tricia A. Bigelow # Proposition 47. “The Safe Neighborhoods and Schools Act” www.courts.ca.gov/ May 2016 |
Boderick Bennet |
Lila Kazemian, Jeremy Travis |
Penal Reform International |
Consiglio Regionale del Piemonte
- Garante regionale delle persone
sottoposte a misure restrittive della
libertà personale |
Jessica Benko |
Annie Kensey |
Roger
Abravanel, Stefano Proverbio, Fabio
Bartolomeo | «Osservatorio per il
monitoraggio degli effetti sull’economia
delle riforme della giustizia» # Misurare la performance dei tribunali www.giustizia.it/ Roma, 26 marzo 2015 |
Camera
dei Deputati # Relazione sullo svolgimento da parte dei detenuti di attività lavorative o di corsi di formazione professionale per qualifiche richieste da esigenze territoriali (anno 214) Presentata dal Ministro della giustizia, 20 marzo 2015 |
Garante delle persone private
della libertà personale | Regione
Emilia-Romagna |
Tapio Lappi-Seppälä |
Istat Sia per chi è in attesa di una sentenza definitiva sia per i condannati il reato più frequente è la produzione e spaccio di stupefacenti, seguito dalla rapina e dal furto (Tavola 12). Per chi è in custodia cautelare, rispetto a chi è condannato, si collocano più in alto di qualche posizione nella graduatoria l’associazione di stampo mafioso, l’estorsione, e l’associazione per delinquere. Per effetto delle modifiche normative, gli imputati per il reato di produzione e spaccio di stupefacenti in carcere sono diminuiti dal 40,1% del 2011 al 35,9% del 2013. |
Associazione
Antigone # XI Rapporto Nazionale sulle Condizioni di Detenzione www.osservatorioantigone.it/ 17 marzo 2015 I detenuti presenti al 28 febbraio 2015 sono 53.982. Il 31 dicembre 2014 erano 53.623. I detenuti nelle carceri europee sono 1 milione 737 mila. In calo di circa 100 mila unità rispetto all’anno precedente... Gli ingressi in carcere dalla libertà sono stati 50.217 nel 2014. Ben 92.800 nel 2008 in piena ondata securitaria (era Roberto Maroni il ministro degli Interni). Ovvero in sei anni sono diminuiti di 42.683 unità... |
Ministero
della Giustizia | Dipartimento
dell’Organizzazione Giudiziaria # Censimento speciale giustizia penale www.giustizia.it/ 14 marzo 2015 a) Relazione di Mario Barbuto (Capo del Dipartimento dell’Organizzazione Giudiziaria); b) Relazione del direttore generale della Direzione Statistiche Fabio Bartolomeo; c) Analisi dei flussi e delle pendenze nel settore penale a dicembre 2014; d) Elenco dei Tribunali italiani in ordine alfabetico con oltre 20 parametri; e) Elenchi speciali dei Tribunali in base agli indici più significativi; f) Elenco delle Corti d’Appello in base a 18 parametri; g) Elenco degli Uffici della Procura della Repubblica in ordine alfabetico con 15 parametri; h) Elenchi speciali delle Procure in base agli indici più significativi |
European Commission |
Ineke
Pruin, Frieder Dünkel # Better in Europe? European responses to young adult offending www.barrowcadbury.org.uk/ March 2015 The age-crime curve can be regarded as a universal phenomenon. Yet it is far from invariant; the age-crime curves tend to peak earlier if we look at police-recorded data compared to data on convictions. The reason for this lies partly in the time which lies between the offence and the conviction, and partly in diversion schemes for first-time offenders which limit the number of younger persons appearing before the courts. Further analyses have shown that age-crime curves vary for different offences, genders or ethnic groups – again, not in their patterns of rise, peak and fall, but with respect to their peak-ages. For example, the age-crime curve for violence tends to peak later than that for property crime. The differences between males and females reveal that the peak is earlier for female than for male suspects or convicts... |
Brian
A. Jackson, Joe Russo, John S. Hollywood,
Dulani Woods, Richard Silberglitt, George B. Drake, John S. Shaffer, Mikhail Zaydman, Brian G. Chow # Fostering Innovation in Community and Institutional Corrections. Identifying High-Priority Technology and Other Needs for the U.S. Corrections Sector www.ncjrs.gov | www.rand.org | 2015 Meeting all of these goals requires innovation—changes in technologies, policies, training, and practices—to enable better performance. In the ideal case, innovations can help achieve multiple goals simultaneously. For example, recent RAND analysis of the effects of correctional education programs showed that they have the potential to reduce recidivism and that the money spent to carry out the programs was more than compensated by reductions in the number of offenders who would have otherwise returned to prison, saving states and localities significant costs of reincarceration. However, in other cases, innovation requires new technologies or organizational practices, and in an era of tight budgets, the resources necessary to make these innovations possible can be scarce. |
Duren Banks, Lance Couzens,
Caroline Blanton, Devon Cribb |
CEJFE:
Centro de Estudios Jurídicos y Formación
Especializada |